摘要
Meiosis comprises two rounds of nuclear division following a single phase of DNA replication, leading to the production of haploid gametes and is essential for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination during prophase I. Meiotic recombination not only ensures the accurate segregation of homologs, but also redistributes alleles among offspring. DNA synthesis is a critical process during meiotic recombination, but our understanding of the proteins that execute and regulate it is limited. This review summarizes the recent advances in defining the role of DNA synthesis in meiotic recombina- tion through analyses of DNA synthesis genes, with specific emphasis on DNA polymerases （e.g., Pole and PolS）, replication processivity factor RFC1 and translesion polymerases （e.g., Pol~）. We also present a new double strand break repair model for meiotic recombination, which includes lagging strand DNA synthesis and leading strand elongation. Finally, we propose that DNA synthesis is one of critical factors for discriminating meiotic recombination pathways and that this differentiation may be conserved among eukaryotes.
成熟分裂包括跟随 DNA 复制的一个单个阶段的二轮原子部门，导致 haploid 配偶子的生产并且为在优核质的性复制是必要的。不同于有丝分裂，成熟分裂包含相应染色体在前期期间配对，联会，和再结合我。Meiotic 再结合不仅保证相当或相同的事物的精确分离，而且在后代之中再分配等位基因。DNA 合成在 meiotic 再结合期间是一个批评过程，但是我们执行并且调整它的蛋白质的理解是有限的。这评论在通过 DNA 合成基因的分析在 meiotic 再结合定义 DNA 合成的角色总结最近的进展，与 DNA 聚合酶上的特定的强调(例如， Pol 和 Pol ) ，复制 processivity 因素 RFC1 和 translesion 聚合酶(例如， Pol ) 。我们也为 meiotic 再结合介绍一个新双海滨裂缝修理模型，它包括落后海滨 DNA 合成和领先的海滨延伸。最后，我们建议 DNA 合成是为区别 meiotic 再结合小径的关键因素之一并且这区别可以在优核质之中被保存。
基金
Acknowledgments We apologize to colleagues whose work could not be cited owing to space constraints. J.H., H.M. and Y.W. are supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2011CB944603）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31370347）, and by funds from Fudan University and Rijk Zwaan. G.P.C. is supported by the US National Science Foundation （MCB- 1121563） and Rijk Zwaan.
