摘要
目的了解医院血流感染病原菌的分布和耐药状况,为临床治疗血流感染提供依据。方法收集襄阳市中医医院2014年1—12月门诊及住院血流感染患者血培养分离的病原菌及药敏试验资料进行回顾性分析。结果血培养共分离病原菌637株,其中以革兰阳性球菌为主,占55.4%;革兰阴性杆菌占44.1%;真菌占0.5%。病原菌检出率排在首位的是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,占34.9%;其次为大肠埃希菌,占14.4%;肺炎克雷伯菌,占9.9%;肠球菌属,占9.9%;金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌),占8.3%;鲍曼不动杆菌,占7.4%等。血培养葡萄球菌属细菌对青霉素高度耐药,对红霉素、克林霉素耐药率相对较高,对利福平的耐药率相对较低,尚未发现耐万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺的菌株。肠球菌属中屎肠球菌的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌。甲氧西林耐药金葡菌(MRSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率分别为47.2%和59.0%。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对第一、二代头孢菌素耐药率较高,对阿米卡星耐药率较低。产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为50.0%和36.5%。血流感染中鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为51.1%,对米诺环素耐药率为29.7%;铜绿假单胞菌检出比例相对较小,对哌拉西林耐药率较高,对其他抗菌药物耐药率相对较低。结论血培养以革兰阳性球菌为主。应加强对医院血培养病原菌进行耐药监测,掌握其耐药特点,合理使用抗菌药物,防止耐药菌的传播。
Abstract： Objective To analyze the distribution and resistance profile of the pathogens isolated from bloodstream infections for better management of bloodstream infections. Methods The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from outpatients and inpatients with bloodstream infection during the period from January to December in 2014 and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The susceptibility data were reviewed retrospectively. Results A total of 637 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from blood culture, including gram positive cocci （55.4%, 353/637）, gram negative bacilli （44.1%, 281/637）, and fungus （0.5%, 3/637）. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus （34.9%）, followed by Escherichia coli （14.4%）, Klebsiella pneumoniae （9.9%）, Enterococcus （9.9%）, Staphylococcus aureus （8.3%） and Acinetobacter baumannii （7.4%）. The staphylococcal strains isolated from blood were highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, but showed low resistance to rifampin. No staphylococcal strain was found resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or teicoplanin. Enterococcus faecium isolates showed significantly higher resistance rate than Enterococcus faecalis. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 47.1% in the staphylococcal strains isolated from blood. And 59.0% of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates from blood were resistant to methicillin. E, coli and K, pneumoniae isolates were highly resistant to the first and second generation cephalosporins, but showed relatively low resistance to amikacin. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were produced in 50.0% of the E. coli isolates and 36.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates. Of the A. baumannii strains isolated from bloodstream infections, 51. I% were resistant to imipenem, and 29.7% resistant to minocycline. A few of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated from bloodstream infections, which were highly resistant to piperacillin. Conclusions More than half of the pathogens isolated from bloodstream infection in this hospital are gram positive bacteria. The resistance profile of these pathogens are helpful for doctors to select appropriate antimicrobial therapies in this hospital.
出处
《中国感染与化疗杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期24-29,共6页
Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
关键词
血培养
病原菌
耐药性
blood culture
pathogenic bacteria
antibiotic resistance profile
