摘要
目的研究GBZ1-2010《工业企业设计卫生标准》的适用性、常用内容、操作性以及存在的问题，为进一步修订标准提供技术依据。方法于2013年6月至2015年6月，通过查阅文献数据库、收集调查问卷和标准征求意见表等方式进行资料收集。开展2轮调查，调查方法包括问卷调查和重点访谈；调查方式为邮寄纸质调查问卷、邮件发送电子版调查问卷以及网上调查问卷，共回收111份问卷。结果GBZ1-2010适用性调查共收到23家单位对标准76个条目的156条意见，共提炼亟需解决的13个重点技术问题；GBZ1—2010应用情况调查显示，使用GBZ1-2010较多的前3位工作分别是建设项目职业病危害评价（82．0％）、讲课／培训（65．8％）、职业病危害因素检测（64．9％）；GBZ1—2010常用的标准内容分别是第六部分工作场所基本卫生要求（90．1％）、第五部分选址、总体布局与厂房设计（87．4％）和第七部分辅助用室基本卫生要求（85．6％）；操作性评价结果显示，第四部分总则、第五部分选址、总体布局与厂房设计、第六部分工作场所基本卫生要求、第七部分辅助用室基本卫生要求、第八部分应急救援、附录A正确使用说明、附录BT业企业卫生防护距离标准的分值分别为2．6、3．1、3．5、3．8、3．2、3-3、2．6。对需要修改的GBZ1—2010内容的调查结果显示，在111位调查对象中，认为需要修改最多的是第五部分选址、总体布局与厂房设计（51．4％）和第六部分工作场所基本卫生要求（51．4％）；对GBZ1-2010需要修改的重点技术问题的调查结果显示，需要增加的内容分别为生物因素职业危害的预防控制要求（51．4％）、工作场所防尘的技术参数（48．7％）、工作场所防毒的技术参数（46．9％）、新风量的质量与限值要求（46．0％）、应急救援站的设置条件（46．0％）、联合厂房的卫生设计要求及其依据（45．1％）、医学应急救援人员的配备与资质要求（45．1％）。结论GBZ1—2010的操作性较强，主要用于职业卫生技术服务机构的建设项目职业病危害评价、讲课／培训、职业病危害因素检测等方面；需要加强该标准的贯彻落实，并对重点技术问题研究的基础上进行修订，加强国际合作与交流，使其适应现代企业制度的发展。
Objective To study the applicability, the high frequency used content, the feasibility, and issues needed to be solved of the standard of GBZ 1-2010, aiming to provide technical evidence for the revision of GBZ1. Methods In the study, the data were collected by referring to the literature database and the questionnaire from June 2013 to June 2015. There were 2 surveys carried out in the study, with methods including questionnaire survey and specific interview. The investigation methods include the paper version of the questionnaire by mail, the electronic version of the questionnaire by e-mail, and the online survey. And 111 questionnaires were collected. Results In total, the applicability survey （the first survey） received 156 suggestions covering 76 items from 23 facilities, and 13 key technical issues were summarized to be solved as priorities. In the application survey （the second survey）, the leading three jobs using GBZ 1-2010 were the occupational hazards evaluation for constructive project （82.0%）, lecturing/training （65.8%）, occupational hazards monitoring （64.9%）, respectively. The high fi＇equency used contents of GBZ 1-2010 were the sixth part ＂the basic hygienic requirements for workplace＂ （90.1%）, the fifth part ＂site selection, overall layout and workshop design＂ （87.4%）, the seventh part ＂the basic hygienic requirements for welfare room＂ （85.6%）,respectively. In the results of feasibility, scores of the fourth part ＂the general rules＂, the fifth part ＂site selection, overall layout and workshop design＂, the sixth part ＂the basic hygienic requirements for workplace＂, the seventh part ＂the basic hygienic requirements for welfare room＂, the eighth ＂emergency rescue＂, annex A ＂the correct use instructions＂, annex B ＂buffer zone standards for industrial enterprises＂ were 2.6, 3.1, 3.5, 3.8, 3.2, 3.3, 2.6, respectively. Among 111 questionnaires, the parts needed to be modified as priories were the fifth part ＂site selection, overall layout and workshop design＂ （51.4%）, and the sixth part ＂the basic hygienic requirements for workplace＂ （51.4%）. In results of the key technical issues needed to be modified of GBZ 1-2010, the contents needed to be added as priories were the occupational prevention and control requirements of biological factors （51.4%）, technical parameters of dust in workplace （48.7%）, technical parameters of hazardous agents in workplace （46.9%）, the quality and quantity requirements of fresh air （46.0%）, the setting conditions of the emergency rescue station （46.0%）, the hygienic design requirements of joint workshops and the evidence （45.1%）, and requirements for medical emergency rescue personnel equipped and qualified （45.1%）. Conclusion GBZ 1-2010 is feasible and practical, mainly used by occupational health technical service organizations in the occupational hazards evaluation for constructive project, lecturing/ training, occupational hazards monitoring, et al. GBZ 1 plays a directive role in government decision-making, control of constructive projects from the beginning, training and capacity building of occupational health professionals, and the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in enterprises, needing to strengthen the implementation of GBZ 1. And on the basis of the above key technical issues to be revised, international cooperation and exchanges should be strengthened, so that it is adapted to the development of the modern enterprise system.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2016年第8期566-571,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
原卫生部卫生监督中心项目
