摘要
在乡村地理的相关研究中,景观特质演化的逻辑主线与运行机理未得到充分重视。以蒋巷村为案例地,运用社会网络分析与行动者网络理论等研究方法,以网络结构特征与权力关系为切入点,力图呈现乡村旅游景观特质网络演进过程,并解读其背后的逻辑。研究发现:1蒋巷村景观特质网络密度不断增大,景观特质间联系度持续增强;景观特质网络主题特色整体稳定,高中心度特质波动明显,其中,服务环境和村干部C的名人效应不断凸显,但乡村氛围有所下降。2蒋巷村景观特质演进的背后是中央政府、地方政府、村两委、政治精英、驻村企业、村民以及当地的资源环境要素等七类主体组成的行动者网络;政府有效引导、精英人物视野以及形式变化下主体的倒逼与自觉成为景观特质演进成功与否的关键;权力格局与利益通道的变化成为角色定义、分配与转换的驱动力量,也成为景观特质网络构建的主要因素。3社会网络分析和行动者网络理论在抽象关系网络化以及演进形成机制逻辑梳理方面具有适用性。此外,还对景观特质演变与社会空间重构,空间、权力与利益的运行逻辑以及案例背后的制度逻辑进行了讨论。
Rural landscape is a critical component of rural tourism. It also plays a key role in the success of the recent national program called ＂the Construction of Beautiful Village＂. Yet along with the development of rural tourism, rural landscape as a main attraction is becoming more homogenous, which tends to have consequent impact on the sustainability of rural tourism in different places. Therefore, studies concerning about the evolution logic of rural landscape become increasingly important. Nevertheless in existing rural geography literature,the process and mechanism of the evolution of rural landscape characters have rarely been investigated. This study thus, taking network structure characteristic and power relation as the breakthrough point, tries to uncover the evolution process of rural landscape. The study adopted social network analysis and provided an interpretation for the evolution with actor-net analysis. The study takes Jiangxiang Village in Jiangsu as the research site. The results suggest that there were 21 landscape characteristics for the village until 2015, which can be divided into 5 dimensions as scenic beauty, rurality, environmental friendliness, accessibility and tourist experience. From 2005 to 2015, the village＇s landscape characteristics had become increasingly diverse and rich, network density of the characteristics had increased, and their relationship inbetween had also grown to be closer. The main line of landscape evolution had hardly changed,but the character, which is in the center of the actor-net, was obviously fluctuated. The celebrity effect of Chang Desheng and the importance of the surrounding service environment had become more apparent, while the character of rural atmosphere tended to be less important. The importance of leisure experience yet had a rising trend first and then falling. In addition, the characters with high degree of centrality played the same role in the net. The second part of this paper illustrated the logic behind such a phenomenon. The actor network included seven subjects, namely the central government, local government, village committee, political elites,the villagers, the enterprise in the village and the local natural resources. Governmental guidance, ability of the political elites and also the actors＇ reaction to the varying situations and policies in different periods, were found to be crucial to the evolution of the landscape character network. Power structure and the path of interests, being driving forces of the role definition, distribution and conversion for different actors, are principal elements in the construction of landscape character network. This article also demonstrates that SNA and ANT can be well applied to describe various social networks, and the process and mechanism of the evolution of rural landscape. Additionally, this study discusses the connection between landscape characters and socio- spatial restructuring, the logic of interaction among space,power and interests, as well as the institutional logic behind the case.
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第8期1561-1575,共15页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571137)
国家旅游局"万名旅游英才计划"项目(WMYC20151115)
关键词
乡村旅游
景观特质网络
演进
形成机制
蒋巷村
landscape character network
evolution
formation mechanism
power relation
Jiangxiang village
