摘要
目的分析农村地区狂犬病暴露与犬只密度之间的关系,为控制和降低农村地区狂犬病暴露提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,调查农村居民2014年狂犬病暴露情况,计算狂犬病暴露率并按年龄性别调整,犬伤狂犬病暴露率与犬只密度进行Person相关和线性回归分析。结果调查狂犬病暴露率为1.28次/100人年,其中,犬伤狂犬病暴露率为1.11次/100人年（86.36%）,猫伤狂犬病暴露率为0.13次/100人年（10.61%）,鼠伤狂犬病暴露率为0.13次/100人年（3.03%）。犬只密度为5.42只/100人年,其中放养犬只密度为3.17只/100人年（58.42%）,拴养犬只密度为2.25只/100人年（41.58%）。犬伤狂犬病暴露率与放养犬只密度可建立线性回归方程（P〈0.01,r=0.83）,回归系数为0.30（P〈0.05,95%CI：0.13~0.47;犬伤狂犬病暴露率与拴养犬只密度相关性分析无统计学意义（P=0.55,r=0.22）。结论当前湖南省农村致狂犬病暴露的动物包括犬、猫和老鼠,其中犬是主要的致狂犬病暴露的动物。湖南省农村犬只拴养率较之前调查上升,湖南省近年来狂犬病人间疫情下降或与此有关。犬伤狂犬病暴露率与放养犬只密度呈线性相关也提示,加强犬只拴养管理可控制和减少犬伤狂犬病暴露,从而减少人间狂犬病疫情。
Objective To explore the relationshi Pbetween human rabies exposure ratio and dog density,and provide a reference for the development of appropriate prevention and control measures.Methods Multi-stage sampling method was used to get the population sample.Interview was made for information of exposure to rabies and dog management in the year 2014.Incidence density of human exposure to rabies caused by dogs（Y） in every town was calculated,and non-leashed dog density（X1） and leashed dog density（X2） in every town were also calculated.Y was standardized by age and gender,and the standardized incidence density（Y＇）was obtained.Pearson＇s correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationshi Pbetween Y ＇ and X1,X2.Results Incidence density of human exposure to rabies was 1.28 times/100 person-year.Among them,1.11 times/100 person-year was caused by dogs（86.72%）,0.13 times/100 person-year was caused by cats（10.16%）,0.04 times/100 person-years was caused by rodents（3.12%）.Y＇ was linear to X1（Y = 0.30 X1＋ 0.14,P〈0.01）,regression coefficient was 0.30（P〈0.05,95% CI：0.13 ~ 0.47）.There was no statistical significance to show that Y＇ was associated with X2（P = 0.55,r = 0.22）.Conclusion In rural areas in Hunan Province,human exposure to rabies was mainly caused by dogs.Compared with the previous survey,ratio of the human exposure to rabies decreased,which probably was associated with the reduction of non-leashed dogs density.It suggested that to strengthen the management of dogs might reduce the exposure to rabies,so that the incidence of human rabies might also decrease.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2016年第4期42-45,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
湖南省卫生计生委科研课题(C201622):狂犬病暴露影响因素研究
关键词
狂犬病
狂犬病暴露
犬只管理
线性回归
Human Rabies
Exposure to rabies
Dog management
Linear regression
