摘要
为探究不同施肥措施对晚稻产量和杂草群落的影响,以1982年布置的双季稻红壤稻田长期施肥定位试验为对象,于2011年采用田间调查法研究了在以无机肥(化肥NPK)与有机肥(M)氮磷钾养分等量条件下,长期施用有机肥、无机化肥和有机无机肥配施模式下晚稻生长发育、晚稻产量及稻田杂草群落变化。结果表明,施肥能促进晚稻生长发育,显著提高晚稻产量,配施效果优于单施,以有机无机均衡配施(NPKM)效果最佳,且其晚稻产量平均高出其他配施处理17.6%;在施用有机肥的基础上,要使红壤稻田晚稻增产,需优先考虑施用氮肥,其次依次是磷肥和钾肥。施肥处理中,单施化肥最能促进晚稻杂草生物量增加,且其杂草生物量平均高出其他施肥处理32.5%,其次是配施处理中的缺磷处理(NKM);单施有机肥最能提高晚稻杂草密度,有机无机均衡配施最能降低杂草密度,且其3个取样期杂草总密度平均低于其他施肥处理34.6%,尤其能遏制狗牙根等恶性杂草生长。氮磷钾养分较均衡的处理(M、NPK、NPKM)的晚稻杂草群落多样性、均匀度和优势度随着晚稻生长发育先升后降,其他处理(PKM、NKM、NPM)大致呈增加趋势,NPK的降幅最大,其成熟期杂草群落多样性、均匀度、优势度比始分蘖期分别降低了7.0%、17.8%、8.1%。晚稻产量与晚稻不同生育期杂草生物量均呈非显著负相关。本研究对红壤双季稻田通过施肥提高晚稻产量和调控晚稻季杂草生物量、群落密度、生物多样性具有重要意义。
To detect the influence of the yield of late rice and the community of weed by different long-term fertilization, we investigated the production and the growth of late rice, the variation of weed community in rice field with the long- term fertilization treatments of control （CK） , organic fertilizer （M） , chemical fertilizer （NPK） and combined organic- chemical fertilizers （NPKM） under the same condition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the year of 2011, based on a long-term fertilization experiment of double cropping rice in red soil set in 1982. The results showed as follows. Fertilization promoted the growth and significantly increased the yield of late rice. That combined application implicated better effects than chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer alone, and balance application of organic-chemical fertilizers had the best effect on its production which was higher than other combined treatments about 17.6%. In order to increase the yield of late rice in red soil, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied first, and followed by phosphatic and potassic fertilizer based on the same application of organic fertilizer. Application of chemical fertilizer alone displayed the best ability to promote the growth of weeds as the biomass of weeds were averagely higher than other fertilizer treatments about 32.5% , followed by the NKM treatment. The density at weeds was best increased by organic fertilizer alone, however, weeds density was best decreased by balanced treatment of organic-chemical fertilizer that its total weed density of three sampling periods was on average lower than other fertilizer treatments about 34.6% , especially to control the growth of malignant weeds, such as Cynodon dactylon, etc. Among these treatments, the diversity, dominance and evenness of weed communities were raised first and then descend with the treatments of balanced N, P and K （M, NPK, NPKM） , NPK. Increasing trends were found from the other treatments （PKM, NKM, NPKM）, where the same index were reduced almost 7.0% , 17.8% and 8.1% at initial tillering stage, respectively, compared with the control. The production of late rice and weed biomass at different growth stages implied in significant negative correlation. This study would be helpful to understand how to improve the yield of late rice and regulate the biomass, biomass, density as well as bio-diversity of weeds community in double rice cropping system in red soil by different fertilizing.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第9期1815-1823,共9页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
长江中下游水旱轮作区高效施肥技术研究与示范(2015BAD23B03)
中低产田障碍因子消减与地力提升共性关键技术研究(2012BAD05B06
2012BAD05B05-3)
关键词
长期施肥
红壤稻田
双季稻
晚稻产量
杂草群落
long-term fertilization, reddish paddy soil, double cropping rice, late rice yield, weed community
