摘要
针对农村土地流转,政策文本和学术话语协力建构了五大迷思,即土地流转是农民的理性选择,有利于提高农业经营效益、保障粮食安全、促进劳动力转移和农村劳动力的就地就业。四川省葛村的微观经验呈现了另一种现实,即土地流转并非所有农民自由而理性的选择,流转后的农业规模化经营不再种植粮食,效益并未提高,仅能为当地农民提供少量的季节性低酬就业,土地流转与外出务工没有直接关系。虽然一个村庄的调研发现不能代表全国的整体状况,但本文希望言明的是,那些声称具有普遍性特征的土地流转之"迷思"在葛村并不存在。中国农村的土地承担了太多的责任,其非生产功能远远大于生产功能。土地流转是当下关乎农民切身利益的最重要的一项政策和行动,不能以现代农业为名,采用经济力量的无声强制甚至超经济强制等手段强行推进。
Policy texts and academic discourses have co- constructed five myths about land transfer,i.e.,land transfer is the rational choice of peasants;it improves the economic performance of farming;it is conducive to food security;it facilitates migration of rural labour to urban areas;and it creates more employment opportunities. However,the empirical research in Ge Village of Sichuan Province demonstrates just the opposite:land transfer is not the rational choice of all peasants;no transferred land has been used for grain cultivation and no economic efficiency has been increased;the new land holders only provide limited seasonal and low- paid labour opportunities;and land transfer has no direct relation with rural-to-urban migration. Although this single village case cannot encompass the consequences of land transfer of the whole nation,it at least shows that the allegedly universal'myths'of land transfer are not so universal. Land in rural China bears too many functions,with the non-economic ones more important than the economic ones. Land transfer policy as the most influential policy in China has great impact on peasants' livelihood. It should not be pushed either by the dull compulsionof economic forces or by non-economic forces in the name of agricultural modernization.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期76-91,共16页
Open Times
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"城乡一体化进程中的农村变迁研究"(项目编号:13ASH007)的资助
关键词
土地流转
理性选择
粮食安全
劳动力流动
现代农业
land transfer
rational choice
food security
labour migration
modern agriculture
