摘要
好撒马利亚人法是国外对保护善意救助者法律的统称,主要包括救助者的救助义务、责任豁免、请求权三方面的内容。我国民法将其称为见义勇为,并将其性质界定为无因管理。我国民事法律体系中欠缺救助者对被救助者损害赔偿责任减轻的规定,应当借鉴国外好撒马利亚人责任豁免的基本规则,将救助者的侵权责任限制在故意和重大过失,且一般过失不承担责任。现阶段地方性法规作为好撒马利亚人法中国化的率先途径,有权规定救助者对被救助者造成损害的责任豁免,为未来我国民法典在无因管理制度中规定紧急无因管理从而实现好撒马利亚人法的全面中国化积累经验。通过解决救助者、被救助者以及其他人之间侵权责任承担的问题,实现好撒马利亚人法在民事法律体系内部的协调。
Good Samaritan Law refers to laws which offer protection to people who in good faith renders reasonable assistance to others at the scene of emergency. It mainly involves the duty to rescue, immunity from liability and claims of rescuers. In civil law of China, it is called courageous acts taken for just causes and defined as voluntary service. Currently, there is no provision mitigating liability of rescuers when they cause harm to those who are rescued in our civil law system. Rescuers should assume tort liability only when they have gross negligence or intention rather than general negligence. Before urgent voluntary service is included in the future Civil Code, local regulations have authority to antecedently stipulate the immunity from liability of rescuers when they cause harm to those who are rescued, which can be regarded as the antecedent approach for Sinicized Good Samaritan Law. Clarifying tort liabilities among rescuers, the people who are rescued and other parties, the improvement of Good Samaritan Law and coordination in civil law system can be achieved.
出处
《法学杂志》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第9期1-8,25,共9页
Law Science Magazine
关键词
好撒马利亚人法
地方性法规
无因管理
责任豁免
侵权责任
Good Samaritan Law
local regulations
voluntary service
immunity from liability
tort liability
