摘要
2010年夏季,对西泉眼水库浮游动物及水质理化指标进行了调查。分析了该水库浮游动物群落结构特征,运用现存量法、指示生物法、多样性分析法、Q_(B/T)指数法、E/O指数法、肥度指数法(E')和理化因子分析法评价了水质等级,应用典范对应法分析了浮游动物与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明:浮游动物56种,优势种为褐砂壳虫Difflugia avellana、长三肢轮虫Filinia longiseta、针簇多肢轮虫Polyarthra trigla、微刺小剑水蚤Microcyclops inchoatus和无节幼体;污染指示种53种,丰度为46.13个/L,生物量为0.137mg/L;Shannon-Wiener指数为2.78,Margalef丰富度指数为1.97,Q_(B/T)指数为2.0,E/O指数为3.2,肥度指数(E')为2.28。评价结果表明,该水库已处于中度污染状态,水体处于中富营养化水平,NO_3^-、NO_3-N、Cl^-、COND、Depth、NH_4^+、TP和Chla是影响浮游动物种群数量及分布的主要环境因子,作为水源地其水质还需进一步加强管理与调控。
During the summer of 2010,the zooplankton community structure and physicochemical factors of Xiquanyan Reservoir,China,were surveyed.Seven evaluation methods were used to assess water quality,including the standing crop index evaluation method,the biological indicator method,diversity analysis,Q_（B/T） index,eu-mesotrophic/oligo-mesotrophic（E/O） index,fertility index method（E＇）,and physical and chemical factors evaluation method.Simultaneously,a canonical correspondence analysis（CCA） was used to analyze the correlations between the zooplankton community structure and environmental factors.The results showed that 33 genera comprising 56 species of zooplankton were found,including protozoa（14 species）,rotifers（29 species）,cladocerans（4 species）,and copepods（9 species）.The variety and quantity of zooplankton were the greatest at S5,and those at S1 were the lowest.The ordination of variety and quantity of zooplankton at each sampling site was S5 S4 S9 S8 S6 S2 S7 S3 S1.Rotifers were dominant in variety and quantity,with larger numbers and more species in the middle of the reservoir compared with the estuary area.Fifty-three species were typical indicators of environmental pollution,including ignoreprobity（10 species）,o-βmesosaprobity（5 species）,β-mesosaprobity（15 species）,β-α-mesosaprobity（7 species）,and α-mesosaprobity（16species）.Common species were Polyarthra trigla,Macrocyclops albidus,Microcyclops javanus,and Mi.inchoatus.Dominant species were Difflugia avellana,Filinia longiseta,Polyarthra trigla,Mi.inchoatus,and nauplius.The average species richness was 46.13 ind./L.Site S4 had the highest species richness（84.5%）,and S1 had the lowest（0.5%）.Of the four types of zooplankton,rotifers had the highest,and cladocerans had the lowest abundance.The species richness of protozoa was 9.53 ind./L,with S4 having the highest and S1 the lowest.The species richness of rotifers was 32.48 ind./L,S4 had the highest and S8 the lowest.The species richness of cladocerans was 1.33 ind./L,S5 had the highest and S2 the lowest.The species richness of copepods was 2.79 ind./L,S5 had the highest and S1 was the lowest.The average biomass was 0.137 mg/L,S5 had the biomass（39.8%）,and S1 had the lowest（0.6%）.Copepods contributed the most to biomass,whereas protozoa had the least contribution.The average Shannon-Wiener index of Xiquanyan Reservoir was 2.78,and the pollution level was β-mesosaprobity;Margalef richness index was 1.97,and the pollution level was α-mesosaprobity.Xiquanyan Reservoir had 5 oligo-mesotrophic（0） and 16 eu-mesotrophic（E） zooplankton species.The calculations of the Q_（B/T） index,E/0 index,and E＇ index were 2.0,3.2,and 2.28,respectively.The water quality evaluation determined meso-eutrophic and eutrophic levels based on bio-physical and chemical indices.The meso-eutrophic level was determined by chlorophyll a,total phosphorus content（TP）,and transparency indicators;and the eutrophication level was determined by total nitrogen（TN） and dissolved oxygen indicators.According to the CCA,the horizontal axis had an extremely significant positive correlation with NO_3^-（P=0.95）,NO_3^--N（P=0.75）,and Cl^-（P=0.75）,and the vertical axis had a significant positive correlation with NH_4~＋（P=0.71）,TP（P=0.68）,Chl a（P=0.60）,and had a significant negative correlation with depth（P =- 0.72） and COND（P=-0.72）.NO_3^-,NO_3^--N,Cl^-,COND,depth,NH_4~＋,TP,and Chl a were the main factors affecting the quantity and distribution of zooplankton populations,and TN had little correlation with zooplankton.From the results,the water quality of Xiquanyan Reservoir was moderately polluted,and the eutrophication level was average.As an alternative source of drinking water for Harbin city,the water quality still requires improvement,and the water management and regulation should be enhanced.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第16期5126-5132,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40830535)
黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GB09C103)
关键词
西泉眼水库
浮游动物
群落结构
水质评价
Xiquanyan Reservoir
zooplankton
community structure
water quality assessment
