摘要
以上海典型快速城市化地区为例,基于遥感影像数据,综合运用RS/GIS技术和Fragstats 3.3移动窗口法对1997年、2000年、2005年、2008年和2015年5个年份上海绿色空间的景观格局梯度及其多样性时空动态进行分析。随城市发展的绿色空间梯度变化和景观多样性的空间显式化研究可以帮助理解景观格局-过程关系,同时为城市景观格局优化和管理提供支持。结果表明,(1)1997—2015年间,研究区总体上以建设用地的增加和绿色空间的总量减少为典型特征,农田景观面积比例PLAND减少了32.85%,森林绿地PLAND增加了9.44%,水体PLAND增加了1.58%,建设用地PLAND增加了28.59%。(2)研究区绿色空间的景观格局随着城市空间多方向的扩张变化明显,同心矩形带梯度模式分析和多向梯度模式分析结果显示,近20年来,在矩形环4以内中心城区森林绿地PLAND、斑块数量NP、斑块密度PD、景观形状指数LSI的增加,表明中心城区森林绿地景观破碎化越来越严重,人工痕迹较重。在矩形环5以外区域森林绿地PLAND、LPI的增加及NP的下降表明郊区森林绿地景观表现出一定的集聚性;在矩形环5以外区域农田PLAND、最大斑块指数LPI的下降和PD、LSI的升高表明建设用地的扩张使原本均一化的农田景观越来越破碎,形状也越来越复杂。(3)景观多样性时空动态变化分析表明,1997年仅中心城区景观多样性SHDI较低,而2015年SHDI在整个研究区均呈下降趋势。
Rapid urbanization had caused a series of ecological problems associated with the change of green space in Shanghai. A consensus has been reached that green spaces are invaluable in the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems. Through the integration of remote sensing （RS） and geographic information system （GIS） techniques,five Landsat TM/ETM＋imagery acquired from 1997 to 2015 were used to measure the spatiotemporal patterns of landscape gradient and diversity of urban green spaces in the fast-growing Shanghai, China. Such analysis enables a deeper understanding of the mechanism of landscape dynamics, providing the support for the urban landscape pattern optimization and management. Results showed that, （1） Rapid expansion of built-up land in Shanghai led to the shrinking of green spaces. The crop land PLAND decreased by 32.85%, forest PLAND increased 9.44%, water PLAND increased 1.58% and built-up PLAND increased 28.59%. （2） Landscape pattern dynamics in Shanghai was dramatic with the multi-directional expansion from 1997 to 2015. Based on concentric and directional landscape gradient analyses,the increase of PLAND, NP, PD and LSI showed that forest land increased but became more fragmented. In the outer belts, the increase of PLAND, LPI and the decrease of NP showed that forest became more clustered. The decrease of PLAND,LPI and the increase of PD, LSI showed that the agricultural land was largely encroached and fragmented due to urban sprawl. （3） According to temporal and spatial change of landscape diversity, the SHDI only have a low level in central Shanghai in 1997 while decreased across Shanghai in 2015.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期1115-1124,共10页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41301650)
关键词
绿色空间
景观格局
梯度分析
景观多样性
上海
urban green space
landscape pattern
gradient analysis
landscape diversity
Shanghai
