摘要
化肥是重要的农业生产资料,是粮食的"粮食",但是,日益凸显的农户过量施肥已经发展成为农业绿色生产形成的限制性因素,抑制农业生产中化肥使用量快速增长已经在政府和学界形成共识。通过对改革开放以来政府制定并实施的一系列农户施肥调控政策比较分析发现,调控政策目标经历了从"增量增产"到"减量增效"的历史演变。从农户施肥行为国家调控政策的演进逻辑上看,改革开放以来中央政府出台并实施的农户施肥调控政策涵盖了三个历史演进阶段:化肥增量增产阶段、化肥增量调结构阶段、化肥减量增效阶段。在对农户施肥行为国家调控政策演进逻辑的分析基础上,形成了引导农户增施有机肥、耕地轮作休耕、从技术调控向制度调控倾斜等国家调控政策演进方向的判断。
Proper fertilizer application is critical to increasing crop production. However, over-fertilization is a major problem in green agriculture. Therefore, limiting the use of fertilizer has become a new long-term goal of both the government and the academia in China. This study tracked how goals related to fertilizer use have been developed by analyzing gradual changes in relevant government policy. We found that the policy was modified from “increasing yield by increasing fertilizer quantity” to “increasing efifcacy by reducing fertilizer quantity”. From the perspective of modifying the goals of national farmers using fertilizer, the following three stages of government policy development were identiifed： 1） increasing the amount of fertilizer used to increase crop output; 2） increasing the amount of fertilizer used, but adjusting the chemical structure of fertilizer; and 3） decreasing the amount of fertilizer used and improving the efifcacy of fertilizer. Based on the results, this paper suggests that future government policy will focus on： increasing the use of organic fertilizer; implementing a policy of crop rotation and fallow ifeld management; and using legislation instead of technology to control the use of fertilizer.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期877-884,共8页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(RW2015-23)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(71303227)~~
关键词
农户施肥
调控政策
增量增产
减量增效
政策演变
fertilizers application
agricultural legislation
incremental fertilizer and output
fertilizer decreasing and efifcacy improving
policy making
