摘要
澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.(F.Muell)又名昆士兰坚果、澳洲胡桃、夏威夷果,是山龙眼科Proteaceae澳洲坚果属Macadamia多年生常绿果树。由于澳洲坚果经济效益高,市场前景好,现已成为新兴的种植果树。近年来,随着澳洲坚果种植面积不断扩大,也出现了一些问题,如品种选择不当、管理技术不到位,造成果实品质差、产量低、病虫害发生严重等。采取定点调查和普查相结合的方法,于2012—2015年对云南澳洲坚果园有害动物的种类、发生为害情况及天敌资源进行调查。结果表明,云南省澳洲坚果园有害动物有昆虫纲、蛛形纲、哺乳纲共计11目44科57种,其中为害较重的有14种,即柑橘二叉蚜Toxoptera aurantii、绿鳞象甲Hypomeces squamosus、绵粉蚧Phenacoccus sp.、吹绵蚧Icerya sp.、相思子异形小卷蛾Cryptophlebia illepida、荔枝异形小卷蛾(蛀果螟)C.ombrodelta、咖啡豹蠹蛾Zeuzera coffeae、环蛀蝙蛾Hepialid moths、茶白毒蛾Arctornis alba、毒蛾Euproctis spp.、褐边绿刺蛾Parasa consocia、黄刺蛾Cnidocampa flavescens、小绿叶蝉Empoasca flavescens、褐家鼠Rattus sp.,占总种数的24.56%。天敌有9目13科18种,其中捕食性天敌有16种、寄生性天敌1种、虫生真菌1种,分别占天敌总数的88.89%、5.56%、5.56%。
Macadamia spp. （ F. Muell ） , proteaceae, Macadamia, the typical tropical perennial evergreen fruit tree, which has high economic benefits and good market prospects. For the past few years, there were some problems, such as plant diseases and insect pests were increasingly serious, with the crop planting area widening. The species and damage status of harmful animals and resources of pest-natural enemies in Macadamia orchard in Yunnan during 2012-2015 were investigated by fixed-point investigation and general survey methods, to provide a reference for control of harmful animals against Macadamia and protect the resources of natural enemies in Macadamia orchard in Yunnan. The results showed that there were 57 harmful species against Macadamia and they belonged to Isecta, Arachnida and Mammalia, 11 orders and 44 families. And 14 species were main harmful animals against Macadamia, they were Toxoptera aurantii, Hypomeces squamosus, Phenacoccus sp., Icerya sp., Cryptophlebia illepida, C. ombrodelta, Zeuzera coffeae, Hepialid moths, Arctornis alba, Euproctis spp., Parasa consocia, Cnidocampa flavescens, Empoasca flavescens, Rattus sp., respectively, accounting for 24.56% of total 57 harmful species. Meanwhile, 18 species of pest-natural enemies were found and they belonged to 9 orders and 13 families, the species of predatory, parasitoids and entomogenous fungi were 16, 1, 1, accounting for 88.89%, 5.56%, 5.56%, respectively.
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2016年第8期94-102,共9页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
云南省应用基础研究计划青年项目(2015FD070)
云南省科研院所技术开发研究专项(2012CF014)
云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项基金(391-1-4)
关键词
云南
澳洲坚果
有害动物
天敌
资源调查
Yunnan
Macadamia spp.
hHarmful animals
Natural enemies
resources investigation
