摘要
为评估饲料中添加水飞蓟素对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢酶和抗氧化能力的影响,分别在5组等氮等能的吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加不同水平的水飞蓟素[0(对照组)、100、200、400和800 mg/kg],饲喂初始体质量为(8.17±0.31)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼9周,测定实验鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性及抗氧化酶活性。结果显示,随饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,各指标均在100mg/kg实验组达到最大,100mg/kg实验组的饲料系数显著低于对照组。饲料中添加水飞蓟素显著降低了实验鱼肝体比和脏体比。100mg/kg实验组全鱼、肌肉和肝脏的粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组。血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性随水飞蓟素水平增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,分别在200和100 mg/kg实验组达到最低,两组之间无显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,血清中的甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组;肝脏中的脂蛋白脂酶和总酯酶活性显著高于对照组;肝脏脂肪酶活性呈先上升后降低趋势,在200 mg/kg实验组最高,且与对照组有显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组,肝脏过氧化氢酶活性显著低于对照组;肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组。100 mg/kg实验组罗非鱼的肝细胞界限清晰,无核偏移,空泡较少。研究表明,饲料中添加适量水飞蓟素提高了吉富罗非鱼生长性能,调节了肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力,对防治肝脏细胞损伤有积极作用。在本实验条件下,推荐吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平为100 mg/kg。
Silymarin was extracted from Silybum marianum（St.Mary＇s thistle,milk thistle）,and has been used to treat liver,spleen and gallbladder disorders due to functions in anti-radical,antioxidant,anti-lipid peroxidation,anti-inflammatory and to protect the stability of plasma membrane.However,it remains unknown whether silymarin has the same functions in juvenile GIFT Oreochromis niloticus.A 9-week feeding experiment was performed to investigate the effects of dietary silymarin levels on growth performance,hepatic lipid metabolism enzymes activities and antioxidant ability in juvenile GIFT[initial body weight（8.17±0.31） g].Five practical diets were formulated with incorporation of silymarin at the levels of 0（control）,100,200,400 and 800 mg/kg.At the end of the feeding trial,growth performance,body composition,serum biochemical indices,hepatic lipid metabolism enzymes activities and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured.The results were as follows：①Compared with those in the other groups,the highest weight gain rate（WGR）,specific growth rate（SGR） and condition factor（CF） were observed in fish fed the diets containing 100 mg/kg silymarin.By contrast,feed conversion rate（FCR） of the fish fed the diets containing 100 mg/kg silymarin was the lowest and significantly decreased compared with control group.Dietary silymarin supplementation significantly decreased hepatosmatic index（HSI） and viscerosomatic index（VSI）.There was no significant difference of survival rate among all the groups.② The lipid content in whole body,muscle and liver was the lowest at the group of 100 mg/kg diet and significantly lower than the control group.Dietary silymarin supplementation significantly decreased triglyceride in serum.The activities of serum aspartate transaminase（AST） and alanine aminotransferase（ALT） were both decreased initially and then increased as silymarin level increased,and the lowest activity of AST and ALT were observed in the group fed 200 and 100 mg/kg diet,respectively.③For lipid metabolism enzymes,dietary silymarin supplementation significantly elevated the activities of lipoprotein lipase（LPL） and total lipase（TL） in liver,and the highest activity of lipase（LPS） was in the group of 200 mg/kg diet,while it was significantly lower than the control group.④Feed added silymarin significant increased glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） activity and decreased catalase（CAT） activity in liver,and significantly reduced malondialdehyde（MDA） content in liver.⑤Liver slices of GIFT treated with dietary silymarin addition at 100 mg/kg showed few hepatocytes with empty vacuoles and less nuclear migration.In conclusion,appropriate dietary silymarin supplementation could promote growth performance,decrease muscle,whole body and hepatopancreas lipid contents,and regulate lipid metabolism enzymes and antioxidant ability in liver.On the basis of the above results,the proper dose of silymarin in juvenile GIFT diet was recommended to be 100 mg/kg.
作者
苟庚午
蒋明
文华
吴凡
刘伟
田娟
杨长庚
GOU Gengwu JIANG Ming WEN Hua WU Fan LIU Wei TIAN Juan YANG Changgeng(Key laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China College of Fishery and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第9期1309-1320,共12页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003020)~~
关键词
吉富罗非鱼
水飞蓟素
生长性能
肝脏代谢酶
抗氧化
GIFT Oreochromis niloticus
silymarin
growth performance
lipid metabolism enzymes
antioxidant ability
