摘要
【目的】鉴于在缺锌土壤上施用锌肥不仅可提高水稻产量,而且也能显著提高水稻籽粒锌含量,本研究旨在揭示不同品种锌肥和施用方法在提高水稻产量和籽粒锌含量方面的差异。【方法】以水稻品种‘镇稻11号’为供试材料,于2011年5月至2012年11月在大田条件下设置4组试验:试验1,富锌稻种的生产制备与籽粒锌含量的染色鉴定试验,设水稻常规种植(CK)和生育期连续喷施5次硫酸锌(Zn SO_4·7H_2O,Zn)2个处理;试验2,不同品种锌肥土壤施用试验,设不施锌肥对照(S1)、土施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(S2)、土施氮锌复合肥(Urea-Zn,S3)、土施磷锌复合肥(Mosaic-Zn,S4)、土施钾锌复合肥(Kali-Zn,S5)、富锌种苗移栽(S6)和Zn SO_4·7H_2O蘸秧根移栽(S7)7个处理;试验3,不同品种锌肥叶面喷施试验,设不施锌肥对照(F1)、孕穗期喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F2)、开花期喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F3)、孕穗期和开花期各喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F4)、开花期与农药一起喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F5)、开花期喷施Kali-EPSO-Zn(F6)和开花期喷施ADOB-IDHA-Zn(F7)7个处理;试验4,富锌稻种育苗种植比较试验,设常规稻种(CK-grain)和富锌稻种(Zn-grain)育苗种植2个处理,研究其对水稻产量及构成、各器官(叶片、茎秆和籽粒)锌含量和累积分配的影响。【结果】1)在水稻生育期进行叶面高浓度和高强度的喷锌方式可制备富锌稻种,且可采用双硫腙(DTZ)染色直观鉴定籽粒锌含量。2)施用锌肥显著提高水稻产量和锌含量,且不同锌肥品种和施用方法间差异显著。3)土壤施锌各处理平均增产效果显著高于叶面喷锌5.2%;与土壤施锌处理相比,叶面喷锌各处理的叶片、茎秆和籽粒锌含量的平均值则分别显著提高224.6%、78.5%和12.1%。4)在土壤施锌条件下,不同锌肥品种中氮锌复合肥(S3)和钾锌复合肥(S5)的增产效果显著高于磷锌复合肥(S4),而在叶面喷锌条件下,以Kali-EPSO-Zn处理(F6)提高水稻各器官锌含量的能力显著高于ADOBIDHA-Zn处理(F7)和Zn SO_4·7H_2O处理(F3)。5)较常规稻种(CK-grain),应用富锌稻种(Zn-grain)育苗种植的水稻产量和籽粒锌含量分别提高4.6%和3.9%。【结论】结合锌肥土施增加水稻产量和喷施增加籽粒锌含量的田间应用效果,因地制宜地综合采用土施氮锌复合肥和喷施钾锌复合肥的配合施肥方法以及选用富锌稻种育苗种植,可协同实现最佳的锌肥利用效率、最大程度地稳产增产和提高稻米的锌营养品质。
【Objectives】 There is a general recognition that zinc（Zn） fertilizer application could increase grain yield and grain Zn concentration of rice in Zn deficiency soils. A normal rice variety Jiponica material was used in order to investigate the effects of different Zn fertilizer types and application methods on rice yield, Zn concentration and accumulation in individual organs of rice ＇Zhendao 11＇. 【Methods】 During May 2011 and November 2012, four experiments were carried out in the field. Experiment 1 was conducted with Zn-enriched rice grain with normal planting（CK） and 5 times spray of Zn SO_4·7H_2O（Zn） as treatment, in order to investigate the grain Zn concentration by staining. Experiment 2 studied different Zn fertilizers which included control（S1）,Zn SO_4·7H_2O（S2）, Urea-Zn（S3）, Mosaic-Zn（S4）, Kali-Zn（S5）, transplanting Zn-enriched seedling（S6） and seedling root dip Zn SO_4·7H_2O solution before transplanting（S7） treatments. Experiment 3 was applying different Zn fertilizers by foliar spray, included control（F1）, spray Zn SO_4·7H_2O at booting stage（F2）, spray Zn SO_4·7H_2O at flowering stage（F3）, Zn SO_4·7H_2O at booting and flowering（F4）, Zn SO_4·7H_2O at flowering with pesticide（F5）,Kali-EPSO-Zn spray（F6） and ADOB-IDHA-Zn spray（F7） treatments. Experiment 4 aimed to evaluate the growth performance of Zn-enriched rice grain（Zn-grain） and normal rice grain（CK-grain） and the grain yield, Zn concentration and its accumulation in different organs of rice. 【Results】1） The Zn-enriched rice grain can be produced by intensive foliar spray of high concentration of Zn fertilizer in rice growth stages, and the DTZ staining method can be used as a rapid method to estimate Zn concentration in grain. 2） Zn fertilizer application significantly increased the yield and Zn content in rice crops, and there were significant differences among the Zn fertilizer types and application methods. 3） The average yield of rice in treatment with Zn fertilizer used as soil application was significantly higher than that of foliar application（by 6.2%）, while the Zn contents of leaf, stem and grain in foliar treatment were significantly higher than those of soil application（by 224.6%, 78.5% and12.1%, respectively）. 4） The increase rate of yield in treatment with complex fertilization of Zn and N or K treatments was significantly higher than the treatment with Zn and P under soil application, while in foliar application the Zn content was increased in Kali-EPSO-Zn treatment, which was significantly higher than that of ADOB-IDHA-Zn and Zn SO_4·7H_2O treatments. 5） The rice yield and grain Zn concentration were increased by4.6% and 3.9% when planting the Zn-enriched rice grain（Zn-grain） compared with normal rice grain（CK-grain）,respectively. 【Conclusions】Application of Zn fertilizer to the soil was more effective than the foliar spray on rice grain yield; however, the foliar spray resulted in a greater increase in grain Zn concentration, when compared with soil application. Therefore, according to local conditions, integrated application of Zn fertilizers as soil application（N and Zn compound fertilizer） with foliar spray（K and Zn compound fertilizer） on selected Znenriched rice grain is the best strategy to achieve optimal Zn use efficiency, to maximum yield and to improve the Zn nutritional quality of rice.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期1329-1338,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国际锌协会合作项目(Zinc Nutrient Initiative MD-86)
Harvest Zinc国际合作项目
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003
20150312205)资助
关键词
水稻
锌肥品种
土施
喷施
产量
锌含量
rice
Zn fertilizer varieties
soil application
foliar application
yield
Zn content
