摘要
【目的】豁眼鹅产蛋性能优良,是中国宝贵的地方家禽资源。作为豁眼鹅的品种标志,豁眼性状的遗传规律有待揭示。文章通过构建鹅豁眼性状F_2资源群,结合表型分析,验证决定豁眼性状基因为隐性遗传的假设,从而了解豁眼性状的遗传机制,为豁眼鹅遗传资源利用提供理论依据。【方法】选用20只豁眼公鹅和100只豁眼母鹅为亲本,组建随机交配群产生豁眼鹅纯系F_1代,观察F_1代中眼睑的表现和分离比例;资源群采用远交群体F_2设计,选用豁眼鹅（3只♂,15只♀）和四川白鹅（3只♂,15只♀）为亲本建立资源群,正反交交配产生F_1代,F_1代在避开近交的前提下互交产生F_2代,观察资源群F_1和F_2代中眼睑的表现和分离比例。【结果】豁眼鹅纯系随机交配下一代的豁眼表型比例为89%（n=444）,11%（n=444）的个体为正常眼睑表型,其中,豁眼与正常表型公鹅的实际比值为7﹕1（n=238）,与理论值差异不显著（χ~2=2.09〈χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）,母鹅的实际比值为10﹕1（n=206）,与理论值差异不显著（χ~2=0.06〈χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）,表明决定豁眼性状的基因为隐性遗传的假设为正确的;同时,提示豁眼性状可能由两个基因座决定的,其中一个基因座影响眼睑形成,另一个起修饰作用的基因座影响豁眼表型的外显率。②豁眼鹅与四川白鹅的反交F_1代群体中公鹅和母鹅全部为正常眼睑,表明豁眼性状相对正常眼睑为隐性遗传。③正交F_1代中公鹅100%（n=71）为正常眼睑,母鹅中83%（n=76）的个体表现豁眼,17%（n=76）的个体表现正常,其中,豁眼母鹅与正常表型母鹅的实际比值为5﹕1（n=76）,与理论值差异不显著（χ~2=3.51〈χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）,表明豁眼性状呈伴性遗传。④正交F_2群体中豁眼公、母鹅与正常眼睑实际比值分别为5﹕8（n=102）和2﹕3（n=94）,与理论比值差异不显著（χ~2=0.36,0.02〈χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）;同时,反交F_2群体中豁眼公、母鹅与正常眼睑的实际比值分别为0﹕1（n=61）和5﹕7（n=60）,与相应的理论比值差异不显著（χ~2=0.02〈χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）,正反交F_2群体中公母鹅的豁眼表型分离情况进一步证实了豁眼性状呈伴性隐性遗传的遗传规律。【结论】豁眼性状相对正常眼睑为隐性遗传,且呈伴性遗传;豁眼性状的形成主要受两个基因座的影响,一个起主要作用的基因座位于Z染色体上,另一个修饰作用的基因座位于常染色体上。
【Objective】The Huoyan breed of geese which possesses a good laying performance, is a precious native poultry resource of China. As the breed characteristics of Huoyan goose, they need to be studied about the inheritance patterns of Huoyan trait. The purpose of this study was, by establishing the goose-F_2 resource group with Huoyan trait records, combined with the phenotypic analysis, to test the hypothesis that the allele that determines Huoyan trait demonstrates recessive inheritance, so as to understand the genetic mechanism of Huoyan trait. Our findings of the study will lay a theoretical basis for utilization of Huoyan goose genetic resource.【Method】Twenty males and 100 females of Huoyan geese were chosen to generate the F_1 generation of Huoyan goose pure line by random mating, and Huoyan appearance and segregation ratio in F_1 were observed. By F_2-design of outbreed populations, the resource population with Huoyan trait records was established, in which the 3 males and 15 females of Huoyan geese were crossed reciprocally with the 3 males and 15 females of Sichuan White geese, and inter se matings in F_1 were carried out to generate the F_2 population without inbreeding. Huoyan appearance and segregation ratio in F_1 and F_2 were observed.【Result】1 Huoyan and normal eyelid phenotype in F_1 generation of Huoyan goose pure line by random mating was 89%（n=444） and 11%（n=444）, respectively. The real ratio of Huoyan vs normal eyelid phenotype of males was 7﹕1（n=238）, which was no significant with the theoretic value（χ~2=2.09χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）, and the real ratio of Huoyan vs normal eyelid phenotype of females was 10﹕1（n=206）, which was no significant with the theoretic value（χ~2=0.06χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）. It indicated that the hypothesis of the allele that determines Huoyan trait demonstrates recessive inheritance is correct, and that Huoyan trait may be determined by two loci, one influences the formation of eyelid, and another modifies the penetrance of the Huoyan phenotype. ②All of the males and females in reciprocal cross F_1 populations of female Huoyan goose crossed with Sichuan White goose ganders were normal eyelid. It indicated that the Huoyan trait exhibits recessive heredity to normal eyelid trait. ③ In F_1 populations of Huoyan goose gander crossed with female Sichuan White goose, 100%（n=71） of the males were normal eyelid, as well as the females with Huoyan and with normal eyelid phenotype were 83%（n=76）, 17%（n=76）, respectively. The real ratio of Huoyan vs normal eyelid phenotype of females was 5﹕1（n=76）, which was of no significance with the theoretic value by the χ~2 test（χ~2=3.51χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）. It indicated that the Huoyan trait demonstrates sex-linked inheritance. ④ In F_2 populations of Huoyan goose ganders crossed with female Sichuan White goose, the real ratio of Huoyan vs normal eyelid phenotype of males and females were 5﹕8（n=102）, 2﹕3（n=94）, respectively, by the χ~2 test, and they were of no significance with the theoretic value（χ~2=0.36, 0.02χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）. Meanwhile, in F_2 populations of reciprocal cross, the real ratio of Huoyan vs normal eyelid phenotype of males and females were 0﹕1（n=61）, 5﹕7（n=60）, respectively, by the χ~2 test, they were of no significance with the theoretic value（χ~2=0.02χ~2_（0.05）（1）=3.84）. The separation results of Huoyan phenotype in F_2 populations reciprocally further proved that the Huoyan trait demonstrates recessive sex-linked inheritance【Conclusion】The Huoyan trait exhibits recessive heredity to normal eyelid trait, and demonstrates sex-linked inheritance. The Huoyan trait is determined by two loci, one gene is on the Z chromosome, and another modifier gene exists on the autosome.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第19期3845-3851,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家水禽产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-43-23)
辽宁省博士启动基金(20141164)
关键词
豁眼性状
隐性遗传
伴性遗传
鹅F2资源群
豁眼鹅
Huoyan trait
recessive inheritance
sex-linked inheritance
goose-F2 resource population
Huoyan goose
