摘要
目的 调查公共卫生专业技术人员职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法对全国6个省（市）的省级和地市级两级疾病预防控制机构（CDC）、3个省（市）的职业病防治机构中的2 821名公共卫生专业技术人员进行职业紧张调查;职业紧张影响因素的单因素分析采用t检验、方差分析、Cochran-Armitage趋势检验和χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果 男性公共卫生专业技术人员外在和内在付出得分均高于女性,回报得分低于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;文化程度越高,外在付出得分越高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。35～55岁组外在付出得分高于〈35和≥55岁组,内在付出得分高于〈35岁组。省级机构外在和内在付出得分高于地市级,回报得分低于地市级。此外,职业紧张发生率随文化程度的升高而升高,随年龄增长而降低。多因素分析显示,已婚者较未婚者、省级单位较地市级单位以及工龄较大者更容易出现职业紧张,女性较男性以及年龄较大者更不易出现职业紧张。结论 公共卫生专业技术人员职业紧张影响因素较多,其中性别、年龄、婚姻状况、工龄、单位等级是最主要的影响因素。
Objective To assess occupational stress and its contributors among public health workers in China. Methods A test of occupational stress was carried out for 2821 public health workers through stratified cluster sampling in Center for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）from 6 provinces and municipalities and occupational disease control institutes from 3 provinces. T-test, variance analysis, Cochran-Armitage trend test and multiple Logistic regression were used to identify the contributors of occupational stress. Results Male public health workers had higher scores of extrinsic effort and intrinsic effort, lower scores of reward than female（P〈0.01）. The differences of the scores of the extrinsic effort were significant among different education background（P〈0.01）, the scores of the extrinsic effort increased with the escalation of education background level. The differences of the scores of the extrinsic effort and reword were significant among different age groups（P〈0.01）, employees in 35--55 years old age group had higher scores of the extrinsic effort than those of 〈35 age group and≥55 age group, and higher scores of the intrinsic effort than those of 〈 35 age group. Employees in provincial institutes had higher scores of the extrinsic effort and the intrinsic effort, lower scores of the reword than those in prefecture-level＇s institutes. Moreover, the incidence of occupational stress increased with the escalation of education background level, and decreased with the increase of age. Multiple analysis showed that married employees, employees in provincial institutes, and employees with longer employment period were more likely to suffer from occupational stress than those unmarried employees, employees in prefecture-level institutes and with short employment period, while female and older employees were less likely to suffer from occupational stress. Conclusions There are several factors resulting in occupational stress among public health workers. Age, gender, marital status, employment period and institute-level are the most significant contributors.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
2016年第6期409-412,共4页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
