摘要
在博物馆的现场讲解中,有一种特殊的"了讲解"。首先,它用于句尾,但与表示事态变化的"了2"有较大的差异。其次,它主要用于现场讲解语体,多见于判断句,一般出现在说话人发生位移或正在位移(含视线转移)的情境。此外,它可以省略,不影响所在句子的命题意义。语料考察发现,该类"了"的使用并不随意,它是言者单向用来与听者交互的手段,帮助言者提醒听者位置、知识状态等的改变。本文在真实语料(4小时录音转写)的基础上,考察此类"了"使用的限制条件、表达功能和"交互"特征,并结合知域理论分析用于交互的句尾"了"用法产生的动因。
The particle le(了) used at the end of utterances in museum guides' talks can be seen as an emergent phenomenon from discourse.Firstly,it is different from the canonical le_2,which is typically recognized as indicating a change of state,in spite of both being at the utterance-final position.Secondly,it appears mainly in tour guides' informational speech to visitors.Most of the tokens are used in conjunction with definiteness marked utterances and in situations where there is a transition of scenes(including the movement of sight).Thirdly,it can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the utterance where it appears.This paper finds that this kind of le does not appear in casual speech and other discourse genres.It is an interactional device used for the museum guide to involve the audience.Specifically,it functions to remind the listeners the changes of position,topic,or knowledge state.Based on authentic data(4 hours of recorded museum tours),the paper reports the distribution,constraints,interactional functions of this type of le and tries to offer an analysis of the motivations of its use.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期665-677,共13页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
了讲解
交互位移知识状态
le(了)
interaction
movement
knowledge state
