摘要
针对尾矿土壤贫瘠、含水量低、保水保肥性差、植被生长困难的现状,在唐山首钢马兰庄铁尾矿区内设计2因素4水平组合的小区试验,保水剂为(单位L/m3)0(B0),2(B1),10(B2),20(B3)4个添加梯度;有机肥为(单位kg/m2)0(N0),2.25(N1),11.24(N2),22.49(N3)4个施肥水平。小区内播种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa Linn.)两种植物。通过观测植物存活状况及各生长指标(株高、根长、地径、地上和地下生物量)的变化与差异,研究保水剂与有机肥配施对尾矿植被恢复时苗木存活、生长的影响,为尾矿基质改良和植物选择提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)唐山铁尾矿基质条件下有机肥较保水剂对植物生长影响显著,养分是植物在裸尾矿上生长的主要限制因子。(2)有机肥与保水剂配合施加作用效果较单施有机肥或单施保水剂更大,B3-N3的配施比例是裸尾矿上植物生长的最优配比。(3)紫花苜蓿是铁尾矿废弃地修复的优势草本植物,紫穗槐是尾矿植被恢复的适生树种。
In order to solve the afforesting problems in iron tailings with barren soil,drought and poor conservation ability of soil and water,the experimental plots of the combination trials with 2 factors in 4 levels were designed in the iron tailings of Ma Lan in Tangshan Shougang. 4 levels of super absorbent polymers（ L / m^3） used in treatments were 0（ B0）,2（ B1）,10（ B2）,20（ B3）,and 4 levels of organic fertilizer（ kg / m^2） were 0（ N0）,2. 25（ N1）,11. 24（ N2）,22. 49（ N3）. Medicago sativa,Amorpha fruticosa were planted in the experimental plots. The effects of combined application of water retention agent and organic fertilizer on the growth and survival of seedlings during the process of vegetation restoration on the tailings were studied through observing the plant survival condition and the growth index（ diameter,plant height,root length,aboveground and underground biomass）. It will be a scientific basis for the tailings matrix improvement and plant selection. The main results are as follows：①Organic fertilizer had more significant effects on the plants growth than that of the water retention agent under the condition of iron tailings matrix in Tangshan,illustrating the nutrient was the key limiting factor on plants growth on the tailings.②The synergy effect of organic fertilizer and water retention agent was better than separate application of organic fertilizer or water retention agent. The treatment B3- N3 was recommended as the best choice for plants living under the tailings.③Medicago sativa can be used as dominant herbaceous plant species for the restoration of iron tailings wastelands. Amorpha fruticosa is suitable tree species of vegetation restoration on the tailings.
作者
李想
张宝娟
李继泉
李玉灵
张金玲
刘炜璇
LI Xiang ZHANG Baojuan LI Jiquan LI Yuling ZHANG Jinling LIU Weixuan(College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Heibei, Baoding 071000, China Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources of Forest and Forest Protection of Heibei Province, Baoding 071000, China)
出处
《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2016年第3期44-50,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
"十二五"环境领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAC09B03)
河北省科技支撑计划专题(11236713D-X)
关键词
铁尾矿
有机肥
保水剂
植物生长
植被恢复
Iron tailing
organic fertilizer
water retention agent
plant growth
vegetation restoration
