摘要
目的了解厦门市海沧区学校和托幼机构人群传染病流行情况,为制定相应的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对海沧区2010—2015年学校和托幼机构传染病的流行特征进行统计分析。结果 2010—2015年海沧区共报告学校和托幼机构儿童传染病19种3 454例,其中乙类传染病报告9种292例,占8.45%;丙类传染病报告6种1 969例,占57.01%;非法定传染病共报告4种1 193例,占34.54%。发病前5位的是手足口病1 415例(40.97%)、水痘1 181例(34.19%)、流行性腮腺炎317例(9.18%)、猩红热240例(6.95%)和其他感染性腹泻180例(5.21%),其中手足口病和水痘占发病总数的75.16%。发病高峰主要集中在4—6月,男性发病2 068例,发病率为1107.72/10万;女性1 386例,发病率为831.02/10万,性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。幼托儿童发病数明显高于学校学生(P<0.01);城市幼托儿童和学生发病明显高于农村(P<0.01)。结论海沧区托幼机构和学校重点防控的传染病是手足口病和水痘;重点防控的单位是托幼机构,重点防控的时间是4—6月份;水痘是疫苗可以预防的疾病,应加强宣传,使家长自愿接受自费疫苗,减少学校和托幼机构传染病的发生。
[Objective]To understanding the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens of Haicang District in Xiamen City,provide the scientific evidence for developing the prevention and control measures.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens of Haicang District in Xiamen City from 2010 to 2015.[Results]From 2010 to 2015,a total of 3 454 cases of 19 kinds of infectious diseases were reported in schools and kindergartens of Haicang District in Xiamen City. There were292 cases of 9 kinds of class B infectious diseases,accounting for 8.45%,1 969 cases of 6 kinds of class C infectious diseases,accounting for 7.01%,and 1 193 cases of 4 kinds of non-notifiable diseases,accounting for 34.54%. The tip five infectious diseases were as follows：1 415 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease（40.97%）,1181 cases of varicella（34.19%）,317 cases of mumps（9.18%）,240 cases of scarlet fever（6.95%）and 180 cases in other infectious diarrhea（5.21%）,while the of hand-foot-mouth disease cases and varicella cases accounted for 75.16% of total cases. The peak season appeared April to June. There were 2 068 male cases and 1 386 female cases,with the incidence rate of 1 107.72/lakh and 831.02/lakh respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The number of kindergarten child cases was significantly higher than that of school student cases（P〈0.01）,and the incidence rate in urban area was significantly higher than that in rural area（P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens of Haicang District should focus on hand-foot-mouth disease and varicella,and pay more attention to kindergartens,with the high risk season of April to June. The varicella is the vaccine-preventable disease,so it is necessary to strengthen the publicity to promote the parents voluntarily accept the vaccine at their own expense,to reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第19期2654-2657,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
学校
传染病
流行病学
School
Infectious disease
Epidemiology
