摘要
[目的]了解北京市市售主要食品的天然铀、钍含量及公众膳食中铀、钍放射性核素的摄入水平,估算所致人体内照射剂量,全面地掌握和评价公众膳食的安全性。[方法]本研究选用市场上销售的肉类、蔬菜、薯类、谷类、奶类5种食品样品,使用三正辛胺萃取-分光光度法测定食品样品中铀、钍浓度,然后依据联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会(UNSCEAR)2008年报告书中的方法,估算人体受到内照射的有效剂量。[结果]5种食品样品中,铀含量浓度最高的为谷类,其值为1.86×10-6 g/kg;钍含量浓度最高的为肉类,其值为2.28×10-6 g/kg,测定结果均低于GB 14882—1994《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》的浓度限值。铀、钍放射性核素对人体内照射的年待积有效剂量成人为0.951μSv/a,其中铀的剂量贡献为0.318μSv/a,钍的剂量贡献为0.633μSv/a;儿童为0.666μSv/a,其中铀的剂量贡献为0.243μSv/a,钍的剂量贡献为0.423μSv/a。[结论]5种食品中铀、钍含量测定结果均低于GB 14882—1994中规定的浓度限值;成人的铀、钍放射性核素内照射剂量大于儿童,钍的剂量贡献大于铀。
[ Objective ] To measure the contents of natural uranium and thorium in retail food in Beijing and public dietary intake levels of these two elements, to estimate their internal irradiation doses, and to comprehensively understand and evaluate the safety of public diet. [ Methods ] Five main retail foods （meat, vegetables, potatoes, cereals, and milk） were chosen to determine the uranium and thorium contents by tri-n-octylamine extraction-spectrophotometry. Then based on the method reported in 2008 by the United States Effects of Atomic Radiation Scientific Committee, the internal irradiation effective doses were estimated. [ Results ] In the five kinds of food samples, the highest content of uranium was found in cereals samples （1.86×10-6g/kg）, while the highest content of thorium was found in meat （2.28 × 10μg/kg）, and both were lower than the limits according to the Limited Concentrations of Radioactive Materials in Foods （GB 14882-1994）. The internal irradiation effective dose from uranium and thorium radionuclide for adults was 0.951 μSv/a, in which uranium contributed 0.318 μSv/a and thorium contributed 0.633 μSv/a; the internal irradiation effective dose for children was 0.666 μSv/a, in which uranium was 0.243 μSv/a and thorium was 0.423 μSv/a. [ Conclusion ] The uranium and thorium contents detected in the five kinds of foods are under the limits of the Limited Concentrations of Radioactive Materials in Foods （GB 14882-1994）. The internal irradiation effective doses of uranium and thorium for aduhs is higher than those for children, and the contribution of uranium is greater than that of thorium.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第11期1089-1092,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
食品
铀
钍
三正辛胺萃取
内照射
有效剂量
food
uranium
thorium
tri-n-octylamine extraction
internal irradiation
effective dose
