摘要
利用中国热带气旋年鉴统计资料和地面气象观测资料对1949—2012年影响山东地区的热带气旋进行了统计与分析。结果表明:1949—2012年年平均有2个热带气旋影响山东地区,其中1985年和2012年均有7个热带气旋影响山东地区,为热带气旋影响山东地区最多的年份;热带气旋影响山东地区的最早时间为5月,最晚时间为11月,热带气旋主要集中出现在7—9月;8月影响山东地区的热带气旋最多,占影响山东地区热带气旋总数的46.3%。影响山东地区的热带气旋路径多以抛物线形为主,多数热带气旋在菲律宾附近洋面生成后先向西北方向移动至中高纬地区转向东北方向移动,个别热带气旋则在高纬地区向西北方向移动深入内陆地区,热带气旋影响山东地区时多处于强度衰减期;登陆山东地区的热带气旋集中分布在鲁东南和山东半岛南部沿海地区。不同路径的热带气旋造成山东地区降水和大风的分布也不同,热带气旋降水多集中出现在山东中东部地区,暴雨的高值区则主要集中出现在鲁东南、山东半岛南部和半岛东部地区。影响山东地区热带气旋的变性率为58.2%,远高于西北太平洋热带气旋的平均变性率,与中纬度系统相互作用的特征显著。
Based on data from Tropical Cyclone（ TC） Yearbook of China and surface meteorological observations,the TCs influencing Shandong province from 1949 to 2012 were statistically analyzed. The results show that the averaged annual number of TCs influencing Shandong province is two from 1949 to 2012. The maximum number of seven occurred in 1985 and 2012, respectively. These TCs usually occur from May to November and concentrate between July and September,with the maximum frequency of 46. 3% occurring in August. These TCs usually have parabolic shaped tracks and mostly start from the ocean around the Philippines,move northwestwards to the midhigher latitudes,and then turn northeastwards. Only a few of them move northwestwards from high latitudes into the inland of China. When these TCs moved close to Shandong province, their intensifications have usually weakened.The landing points of TCs in Shandong province are mainly along the coasts of the southeastern region of Shandong province and the southern part of Shandong Peninsular. The distributions of precipitation and strong winds are different due to the different TC tracks. TC precipitation mostly occurs in the middle and eastern parts of Shandong province,with the extreme precipitation areas in the southeastern region of Shandong and the southern and eastern parts of Shandong Peninsular. The rate of extratropical transition among TCs influencing Shandong province is 58. 2% that is much higher than that in the northwest Pacific Ocean on average. These TCs have obvious interaction with systems at middle latitudes.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2016年第5期67-73,共7页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2013DQ009)
山东省气象局重点课题(2015sdqxz05)
山东省气象局面上课题(2013sdqx03)
中国气象局关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014M30)
中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2012-031)共同资助
关键词
热带气旋
气候统计
路径
变性
Tropical Cyclone（TC）
Climatic statistics
Track
Extratropical transition
