摘要
针对云南抚仙湖径流区蔬菜-水稻轮作生产上的施肥量偏大或过量、施肥方法不合理等问题,通过"L_9(3~4)正交表+3个处理"的试验,研究不同施肥技术对水稻产量和养分积累的影响。结果表明:①砂壤土田块水稻高产高效的施肥技术是N 225~255 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 0~90 kg/hm^2、K_2O 0~37.5 kg/hm^2、按"基肥50%-分蘖肥30%-穗肥20%"或"基肥50%-分蘖肥20%-穗肥30%"施用氮肥,水稻产量为10 617~12 073 kg/hm^2;粘壤土田块水稻高产高效的施肥技术是:N 120~180 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 0~60 kg/hm^2、K_2O 0~60 kg/hm^2、按"基肥70%-分蘖肥30%-穗肥0%"或"基肥50%-分蘖肥20%-穗肥30%"或"基肥50%-分蘖肥30%-穗肥20%"施用氮肥,水稻产量为10 387~12 036 kg/hm^2;适当的施氮(沙壤土225~255 kg/hm^2,粘壤土120~180 kg/hm^2)才能对水稻形成增产,穗肥施用氮肥促进砂壤土水稻增产9.16%~10.68%,不同氮肥施用比例对粘壤土水稻产量无显著影响,施P_2O_5对水稻产量无显著影响。②氮磷主要积累在籽粒中(氮45.87%~69.12%,磷34.90%~76.56%),籽粒中氮、磷的积累量均与水稻产量具有较强相关性。当施氮为砂壤土0~150 kg/hm^2,粘壤土0~120 kg/hm^2时,籽粒氮素积累量随施氮量的增加而提高,若继续施氮,其再无显著变化,增加的氮素积累量主要表现在茎叶部位(氮素增幅7.02%~20.15%)。磷肥施用对水稻磷素积累影响不大,穗肥施用氮肥增加了籽粒的氮磷积累量。因此,适当施用氮肥,穗肥施用氮肥,少施或不施磷钾肥是当地今后一段时间水稻施肥的重要技术策略,其不仅节约成本、水稻高产,而且减少农田氮磷流失,对保护抚仙湖水质具有重要意义。
In the light of excessive fertilization or unreasonable fertilization occurred in production of vegetables and after rice in runoff area of Fuxian Lake, experiments of ＇L9 （ 3^4 ） orthogonal list ＋ 3 treatments＇ were conducted to study effects of fertilizer application technology on yield and nutrient accumulation of rice. The results showed that the fertilization technology for high yield and high efficiency of rice in sandy loam were N 225 - 255 kg/hm^2 , P2O50 - 90 kg/hm^2 , K2O 0 - 37.5 kg/hm^2, nitrogen applied by percentage of ＇ base fertilizer 50 % -tillering fertilizer 30 % -panicle fertilizer 20 % ＇ or ＇ base fertilizer 50 % -tillering fertilizer 20 % -panicle fertilizer 30 % ＇ and rice yield was 10 617 - 12073 kg/hm^2 ; The fertilization technology for high yield and high efficiency of rice in clay loam were N 120 - 180 kg/hm^2 , P2O5 0 - 60 kg/hm^2, K2O 0 - 60 kg/hm^2 , nitrogen applied by percentage of ＇ base fertilizer 70 % -tillering fertilizer 30 % -panicle fertilizer 0 % ＇ or ＇ base fertilizer 50 % -tillering fertilizer 20 % -panicle fertilizer 30 % ＇ or ＇ base fertilizer 50 % -tillering fertilizer 30 % -panicle fertilizer 20 % ＇ and rice yield was 10 387 -12 036 kg/hm^2 ; It was the proper nitrogen application （sandy loam 225 -255 kg/hm^2 , clay loam 120 - 180 kg/hm^2 ） only could promoted rice yield. Application of panicle fertilizer with nitrogen could promote the rice yield by 9.16 % - 10. 68 % in sandy loam field, percentage of applied nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on rice yield in clay loam, and also application of P2O5 had no influence on rice yield. Nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly accumulated in grain of rice with 45.87 % -69.12 % and 4.90 % -76.56 %, respectively. There was a strong correlationship between accumulation of nitrogen or phosphorus in grain and rice yield. When nitrogen was applied by 0 - 150 kg/hm^2 wtih sandy loam or 0 - 120 kg/hm^2 wtih clay loam, nitrogen-accumulated in grain was increased with increasing of nitrogen fertilization, but it was no changed when continued to apply nitrogen, and the incremental nitrogen-accumulated with 7.02 % -20.15 % was occurred in stem and leaf. Phosphorus application had no obvious effect on phosphorus accumulation, but application of panicle fertilizer with nitrogen could elevate accumulation of nitrogen or phosphorus in grain. Therefore, application propel nitrogen and panicle fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied less or not would be an important technical strategy for local rice application, Because it not only could save the cost of production, acquire high rice yield, but also reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期2402-2410,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
玉溪市农业科学院项目“抚仙湖径流区菜后水稻控肥技术研究与应用”(YNKY201002)
关键词
施肥技术
后作水稻
产量
养分积累
Fertilizer application technology
Succeeding rice
Yield
Nutrient accumulation
