摘要
目的通过对1078名卫生士官和卫生队长及后勤军需干部的调查，分析评估武警部队救援过程中特需食品的需求情况，为特需食品的研制提供合理建议和数据支持。方法整群抽样烹法将2014年度和2015年度参加后勤卫生领域继续教育培训的学员1078人作为调查对象。采用自填瓦问卷法、座谈法、建议法、个别言谈等方法采集所需数据。调研及检测相关数据采用SPSS统计软件进行统计汇总，计数资料采用率进行描述，比较采用卡方检验。结果95％以上受调查者认为有配备军用特需营养食品的需求。特需食品重量要轻，最好控制在150～350g，这一需求达到47．1％，除此之外，应急救援中特需营养食品还应注重安全性、耐饥饿、富营养、抗疲劳、便于携带等特点，对于口感和功能的需求选择率较低。对单兵军用特需营养食品需求情况为高效能压缩食品占98％，单兵副食品罐头占90．2％，单兵自热食品占86．9％，单兵乳制品占83-3％，单兵快餐米饭占80．0％。特需集体食品需求中，主食需求以面包饼干等干粮类为主，达到62．4％，副食中乳制品和肉、蛋需求比例最高，分别为90．4％和85．5％；普野集体食品中，主食米饭需求率最高为53．6％，副食中肉和蛋需求高达72．2％，蔬菜水果为44．0％。两种集体食品需求种类明显不同，主食种类需求率比较x^2=365．5，P≤0．0001；副食种类需求率比较x^2=714．0，P≤0．0001。不同品种主副食包装形式上的需求也不同。结论根据需求调查，救援特需食品研制要确保安全性和功能性，开发并使用具有体积小、重量轻、高能量、富营养、易消化、口感好、耐贮存等特点的救援专用食品。包装形式依据食物品种而定，总的原则是便于携带，不易破损，方便开启，能够最大程度保证食物的营养素不缺失。
Objective To analysis and evaluate the demand of special food in the process of rescuing through investigationon t078 health officers or health-related leadership, provide reasonable suggestior!s and data support for development of the Special food. Methods 1078 logistics health continuing education training students were selected as sample by cluster sampling method in 2014 and 2015.Gathering data by questionnaire, discussion method, suggested method or individual conversation method. SPSS statistical software were used for analysis. Results More than 95% respondents think that it is necessary to equipped with military the special nutritional food demand. The special food should be light in weight, the best control between 150-350g, the demand rate is 47.1%. In addition, the special nutritional food in the emergency rescue, still should pay attention to safety, be able to bear or endure hunger, rich nutrition, fatigue resistance and easy to carry, demand for taste and function selection rate is low; For individual military special nutritional food demand highly efficient compression food is accounted for 98%; Individual canned food is accounted for 90.2%; Individual self-heating food is accounted for 86.9%; Individual dairy products is accounted for 83.3%; Individual fast food rice （80.0%）; There has different demand between the special collective food and wild type collective food in rescuing. Dry food like bread biscuits occupied 62.4% in staple food demand with the sp eci al collective food, meat and dair y products, eggs, demand is highest to 90.4% and 85.5% in the non-staple food; In Wild collective food,.staple＇food rice demand rate isas high as 53.6%, meat and eggs in demand as much as 72.2% in the non-staple food, fruits and vegetables was 44.0%. Two kinds of collective food demand are obviously different, staple food types demand rate x^2= 365.5, P = 0.000; non-staple kinds demand rate x^2= 714.0, P = 0.000. It is also different in the form of the packing. Conclusion According to the survey of the demand, It is must to insure safety and i functi0hal in the development of special demand food, use product with small volume, light weight, high energy, good %, taste, rich nutrition, digestible, resistant storage characteristics. Packaging form is determined according to the varieties of food, the general rule is easy to carry, not easy damaged, convenient to open, to insure the food nutrients not missing to the best.
作者
毕珣
石枫
刘淑红
梁艳
郑林林
Bi Xun SHI Feng Liu Shu＇hong Liang Yah Zheng Lin-lin(Health Management Center of Chinese Police Armed Force Institute of Logistics Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin300162, China)
出处
《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》
2016年第11期1098-1100,共3页
China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine
基金
武警后勤学院附属医院2016年度科研种子基金重点项目（FYZ201607）
关键词
救援
特需食品
需求
Rescuing
The special food
Demand
