摘要
以＂中国竹子之乡＂命名的贵州省赤水市为例,研究了竹产业生态系统结构及演化规律。结果表明：（1）竹子各构件都有开发价值,包括生态服务、食药、竹材加工和文化产品等5方面,产业系统呈3级链环模式,第二、第三产业链环由近200家加工企业及6大系列近300个竹加工品种组成,包括一般加工和深加工产品,第一产业链环主要由占全市森林面积47.3%的竹林资源构成。第一产业链环是环境保障与原材料的基础,第二和第三产业链环是产业化能力,三者互相依存。（2）竹产业生态系统由环境资源、原生产业、外生产业、共生产业和产业创新5个子系统组成,子系统间相互作用、重要性不同,出现原生产业子系统为主（Ⅰ）、外生-原生产业子系统为主（Ⅱ）、原生-外生产业子系统为主（Ⅲ）和外生产业子系统为主（Ⅳ）4种状态,赤水市竹产业生态系统处于Ⅱ→Ⅲ级状态。竹外生产业子系统产值占全市GDP的40%以上、呈逐年上升的趋势,2014年竹产业生态系统中原生、外生和共生产业子系统产值分别为0.95×10^9、2.85×10^9元和2.30×10^9元,总产值6.10×10^9元。（3）依据各子系统间相互作用及生产要素转化过程,赤水市竹产业生态系统演化过程划分为4个阶段。原始发展阶段（约1950年以前）处于Ⅰ级状态,手工利用阶段（1951—1980年）整体处于Ⅰ级、毛竹林资源及加工利用部分有向Ⅱ级转化的趋势,工业利用阶段（1981—2000年）处于Ⅱ级状态,系统利用阶段（2001年至今）整体处于Ⅱ级、杂竹林资源及加工利用部分有向Ⅲ级转化的趋势。现时竹产业发展需提高原生产业子系统规模与生产力,依靠产业创新子系统引领竹产业生态系统走创新驱动之路。
China is a global leader in the production of bamboo forest resources and the bamboo products processing industry. China＇s bamboo forests and industry play an important role in regional environmental protection and social economic development. This study analyzed the development of laws related to the bamboo industry and its related ecosystem in Chishui city,Guizhou Province,China,as an example. Chishui is referred to as ＂the hometown of bamboo in China＂by the State Forestry Bureau in 1996 and 2006. The results show：（1） from a human perspective,there are five components of bamboo forest use including provision of ecological services,foods,medicines,timber products and cultural products. Bamboo processing involves three relative independent types of industries. The first type processes 47. 3% of the bamboo forest resources produced in the city. It includes environmental protection and the harvest and processing of raw materials from bamboo. The second and third type involves nearly 200 bamboo—processing companies and 6 major industries that produce a wide variety of nearly 300 products requiring either minor or intense processing to create final products.（2） The five elements of the bamboo industry ecosystem include environmental resources,primary industry,exogenous industry,industrial support,and industrial innovation. Bamboo forest resources provide the main products for the primary industrial element and raw material for the exogenous industrial element. Bamboo forest resources are a component of,and are affected by,the environmental resources element. The industrial support element provides support services for infrastructure,finance,and businesses,that is,services for other industrial elements. The industrial innovation element provides innovative technology and institutional management for other industrial elements. These five elements interact and have different levels of importance with the following four states： the main state is the primary industrial element（Ⅰ）,the priority state to exogenous and primary industrial element（ Ⅱ）,the priority state to primary and exogenous industrial element（ Ⅲ） and the main state of the exogenous industrial element（ Ⅳ）. Currently,the bamboo industry of Chishui city is overall in state Ⅱ with a trend of transforming from state Ⅱ to state Ⅲ,including a part of miscellaneous bamboo forest resources and processing. In recent years,output values of the bamboo exogenous industry element accounted for more than 40% of the GDP of the city,with an increasing trend from year to year. In 2014,the demand for moso bamboo resources was 7. 94 ×10^6 clumps,with actual consumption（3. 04 ×10^6clumps） viable primary production（5. 0 ×10^6clumps）. The demand for miscellaneous bamboo resources was 9. 38 ×10^5 t,with actual consumption（4. 83 ×10^5t） ≤viable primary production（5. 0 ×10^5t）. In addition,the output values of the primary,exogenous and support elements were 0. 95 ×10^9 Yuan,2. 85 ×10^9 Yuan and 2. 30×10^9 Yuan,respectively. Meanwhile,the total output value of the bamboo industry ecosystem was 6. 10 ×10^9 Yuan.（3）Based on the interaction between each element and the state of the main processing factors,the development of the bamboo industry ecosystem of Chishui can be divided into four stages： （1） the primary development stage（ prior to 1950） in state Ⅰ,（2） the manual use stage（1951—1980） in state Ⅰ,with a transforming trend from state Ⅰ to state Ⅱ of moso bamboo forest resources and processing,（3） the industrial use stage（1981—2000） in state Ⅱ,and （4） the system use stage（2001—present） in state Ⅱ,with a transforming trend from state Ⅱ to state Ⅲ of miscellaneous bamboo resources and processing. Currently,the development of the bamboo industry is expected to improve in scale and productivity in the primary industrial element,and rely on the industry innovation element to lead innovation within the bamboo industry.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第22期7310-7322,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
贵州省林下经济发展模式与保障措施(黔科合R字[2014]2034)
毛竹低产林改造技术规程(黔林科合[2012]04)
竹产业关键技术研究与示范(黔科合重大专项[2007]6002)
关键词
竹产业
产业生态系统
演化阶段
原生产业
外生产业
共生产业
产业创新
bamboo industry
industry ecosystem
evolutionary stage
primary industry
exogenous industry
industrial support
industrial innovation
