摘要
恰到好处的奖罚制度是促成企业自觉环保或者监管机构积极监理的前提。特别地,为促成企业自觉地采取环保行动,必须加大针对监管机构不作为的惩戒力度,而不仅仅是进一步地提高针对企业环保行为的奖罚力度。这就给环境监管机构带来了莫大的压力。因此,为有效缓解监管机构的工作压力,有必要建立节能减排达标申报制度。基于节能减排达标申报制度的信号博弈分析,排放达标企业将如实申报自己的节能减排情况。但只要监管机构对于申报排放达标企业意思表示真实的信心足够高,排放未达标的企业就有动机虚假申报其节能减排的情况。因此,节能减排达标申报制度存在四种可能的运行状况,亦即存在四种可能的后继博弈精炼Bayes Nash均衡策略。其中的两个为分离均衡状态,另外两个则为混同于申报达标的均衡状态。两个混同均衡的效果极差,实际上意味着节能减排达标申报制度失效。只有在分离均衡1或2下,节能减排达标申报制度的运行才较为理想。而且分离均衡2的效果要优于分离均衡1。因此,建议完善现行的排污申报与登记制度,建立节能减排达标申报制度。并尽可能地加大针对达标企业的财政补贴力度以及针对未达标企业的惩罚力度,以便尽可能地降低节能减排达标企业错误申报的可能性。与此同时,还要严格政府监管机构的组织纪律,除了要求全面核查申报达标的企业,并加大针对政府监管机构不作为的惩戒力度之外,还应经由全面核查,对节能减排达标企业的环保工作评定等级,以便重奖优者。
The just right system of reward and punishment is a prerequisite to promote enterprises consciously protect environment or regulatory agencies actively supervise. In particular, in order to promote enterprise consciously take environmental action, we must not only further increase intensity of reward and punishment for environmental protection behaviors of enterprises but also increase intensity of punishment for inaction of regulatory agencies. This will bring great pressure on environmental regulators. Therefore, in order to effectively alleviate the pressure of regulatory agencies, it is necessary to establish standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the signal game analysis of standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction, standard enterprises of emission will truthfully declare their own situations of energy conservation and emission reduction. However, as long as regulatory agencies have enough confidence for standard enterprise of emission, enterprise not up to standard of emission will have motivation to falsely declare situation of its energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction exists four kinds of possible operating conditions, that is, there are four kinds of possible subsequent game refining Bayes Nash equilibrium strategies. Two of which are separating equilibrium state, the other two are confused with the equilibrium state of standard declared. The effects of two confused equilibrium are very bad, which actually means that standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction is invalid. Only under separating equilibrium（ 1 or 2）, the operation effect of standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction is more ideal. And the effect of separating equilibrium 2 is better than that of separating equilibrium 1. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the existing sewage declaration and registration system and to establish standard declaration system of energy conservation and emission reduction. And we should try our best to increase intensity of financial subsidies for standard enterprises and intensity of punishment for enterprise not up to standard, so as to reduce as much as possible the possibility of false declaration for standard enterprise of energy conservation and emission reduction. At the same time, the organizational discipline of government regulatory agencies must be strict. In addition to require a comprehensive verification for declaring standard enterprise and increase intensity of punishment for inaction of government regulatory agencies, we should assess level for environmental protection work of standard enterprise in energy conservation and emission reduction through a comprehensive verification in order to better rewards.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期108-116,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
山东省社会科学规划研究项目“金融支持三农经济发展问题研究”(批准号:13CJRJ05)
关键词
节能减排
达标申报
信号博弈
BAYES
NASH均衡
energy conservation and emission reduction
standard declaration
signal game
Bayes Nash equilibrium
