摘要
明确土壤风化过程、速率及其影响因素是理解土壤与环境之间相互作用与反馈的基础,可为预测土壤在生态系统中的行为及其在自然和人为作用下的演变趋势、实现土壤资源有效管理提供科学依据。通过回顾土壤风化速率不同测定方法(实验室模拟研究、模型理论计算、同位素比值、元素损耗和元素输入输出平衡法)及其影响因素(气候、生物、母质、地形、时间和人为活动)研究所取得的进展,针对当前土壤资源退化严重的现状,提出了土壤风化研究面临的机遇和挑战。未来土壤风化研究应重点关注变化中的自然条件和强烈的人为干扰下土壤风化的关键过程、速率及其环境阈值,包括建立风化速率不同测定方法所得结果之间的定量转换关系、揭示风化速率多个影响因素之间的协同效应、模拟和预测气候变化和人类活动双重影响下土壤风化速率的演变趋势,以期为土壤资源的可持续管理和应对全球变化提供理论依据。
The study of soil weathering processes College of Resources and Environment, rates and the associated influencing factors is crucial for understanding of the feedbacks between soil and environment, which will provide a basis for predicting soil behavior and evolution trend in the ecosystem under natural and anthropogenic forcings. This is also important for the effective management of soil resources. This article reviewed the methods for measuring soil weathering rates （including simulating leaching experiment, model calculation, isotope technique, element depletion and geochemical mass balance） and the influencing factors （including climate, organism, parent material, relief, time and human activities）. In view of the serious degradation of soil resources, we proposed the challenge and opportunity of the research of soil weathering. The future study should focus on the critical processes, rates and the associated environmental thresholds of soil weathering under varying natural conditions and intensive human perturbations, including the establishment of the quantitative relationship between the weathering rates calculated by different methods, the analysis and interpretation of synergistic effects among multiple influencing factors, and the modeling and prediction of changing tendency of weathering rates under the impacts of both climatic changes and human activities, in order to guide the sustainable management of soil resource and mitigation of global change.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期1021-1031,共11页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目“黄土高原关键带水循环过程与空间异质性”(编号:41571130081)
中国科学院水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金项目“退耕驱动地表特性变化对黄土高原半干旱区土壤水循环的影响”(编号:A314021402-1602)资助~~
关键词
风化速率
地球化学质量平衡
同位素
环境阈值
地球关键带
Weathering rate
Geochemical mass balance
Isotope
Environmental threshold
Earth＇s critical zone.
