摘要
【目的】对不同银杏果用林复合经营模式下银杏种仁品质展开研究,探讨银杏种子产量和性状、种仁营养物质和次生代谢产物含量在不同模式间的变异,为不同银杏复合经营方式在果用林中推广应用提供参考。【方法】选择江苏泰兴5种传统的银杏复合经营模式为研究对象,即:银杏-油菜-花生、银杏-小麦-花生、银杏-蚕豆-花生、银杏-桑树、银杏-油菜-玉米,以银杏纯林为对照,对不同模式下银杏种子产量和质量、种核质量、种仁质量,种仁的淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、总黄酮、萜内酯、银杏酸和氢氰酸含量进行测定分析,并采用改良的层次分析法对不同模式下银杏种仁品质进行综合评价。【结果】银杏复合经营显著影响银杏种子产量、种核质量及种仁的淀粉、蛋白质、可溶性糖、总黄酮、萜内酯、银杏酸及氢氰酸含量(P<0.05)。复合经营模式下银杏种子产量、种核质量、种仁的蛋白质和可溶性糖含量高于纯林模式,其中,银杏-桑树模式中单株银杏种子产量最高,平均达到31.07 kg,银杏-蚕豆-花生模式下种核质量、种仁的蛋白质和可溶性糖含量最高,分别达到2.34 g,101.73 mg·g^(-1),88.11 mg·g^(-1);纯林模式银杏种仁中淀粉、总黄酮、萜内酯、银杏酸及氢氰酸含量高于复合模式,分别达到了0.55 g·g^(-1),2.69 mg·g^(-1),7.32 mg·g^(-1),47.54μg·g^(-1)和0.44μg·g^(-1);银杏-油菜-花生模式中种仁的总黄酮、银杏酸和氢氰酸含量均最低,分别仅为1.84 mg·g^(-1),28.52μg·g^(-1)和0.27μg·g^(-1),银杏-蚕豆-花生模式中种仁的萜内酯含量最低,仅为4.82 mg·g^(-1)。改良层次分析法表明:种仁中氢氰酸含量对其品质影响最大,其权重达到了0.210 3,其次为蛋白质、可溶性糖、总黄酮、银杏酸、仁质量、淀粉、萜内酯、脂肪、种子质量、种核质量;进一步计算获得的银杏种仁品质指数表明:银杏复合经营模式下种仁品质指数高于纯林,复合模式中种仁品质最高的模式为银杏-蚕豆-花生,达到了0.414 8,其次为银杏-小麦-花生、银杏-桑树、银杏-油菜-花生和银杏-油菜-玉米模式,而银杏纯林模式中种仁品质指标仅为-0.008 8。【结论】银杏复合经营能够提升银杏种仁品质,因而银杏果用林适于采用复合经营模式,尤以银杏-蚕豆-花生模式最优,适宜推广应用。
【Objective】The quality of Ginkgo（Ginkgo biloba） kernel from different agroforestry systems was studied to explore variations of seed yield and properties,kernel nutrients and secondary metabolites among different agroforestry systems,in order to provide a reference for application of different agroforestry systems in Ginkgo trees for nut production.【Method】Five traditional Ginkgo agroforestry systems（Ginkgo-Cole（Brassica campestris）-Peanut（Arachis hypogaea）,Ginkgo-Wheat（Triticum aestivum）-Peanut,Ginkgo-Broadbean（Vicia faba）-Peanut,Ginkgo-Mulberry（Morus alba）,Ginkgo-Cole-Corn（Zea mays）） and a control system（the pure Ginkgo stand） were chosen,and seed yield and mass,nut mass,kernel mass,and content of starch,protein,fat,soluble sugar,total flavonoids,terpene lactones,ginkgoic acid,HCN were measured to evaluate the quality of Ginkgo kernels using an improved analytic hierarchy process. 【Result 】Significant differences were observed in Ginkgo seed yield,nut mass,and contents of starch,protein,soluble sugar,total flavonoids,terpene lactones,ginkgoic acid,HCN among different systems（P 〈 0. 05）. The Ginkgo seed yield,nut mass,contents of protein and soluble sugar were higher in the agroforestry systems than in the pure Ginkgo stand. The highest Ginkgo seed yield was found in Ginkgo-Mulberry system with 31. 07 kg per tree,and Ginkgo-Broadbean-Peanut system had the highest nut mass,and contents of protein and soluble sugar,reaching 2. 34 g,101. 73 mg·g-1,88. 11 mg·g-1,respectively. Higher contents of starch（0. 55 g·g-1）,total flavonoids（2. 69 mg·g-1）,terpene lactones（7. 32 mg·g-1）,ginkgoic acid（47. 54 μg·g-1）,HCN（0. 44 μg·g-1） were found in the pure Ginkgo stand than in Ginkgo agroforestry systems. The lowest total flavonoids,ginkgoic acid,and HCN were found in Ginkgo-Cole-Peanut system,only reaching 1. 84mg·g-1,28. 52 μg·g-1and 0. 27 μg·g-1,respectively,and the lowest content of terpene lactones was found in GinkgoBroadbean-Peanut system with a value of 4. 82 mg·g-1. The improved analytic hierarchy process showed that the content of HCN was the most impacting factor for Ginkgo kernel quality,and its weight reached 0. 210 3,followed by protein,soluble sugar,total flavonoids,ginkgoic acid,kernel mass,starch,terpene lactones,seed mass,and nut mass. Further calculation of Ginkgo kernel quality indicator showed that Ginkgo agroforestry systems had better Ginkgo kernel quality indicator than pure Ginkgo stand,and Ginkgo kernel quality in Ginkgo-Broadbean-Peanut system was the best with 0. 414 8,followed by Ginkgo-Wheat-Peanut,Ginkgo-Mulberry,Ginkgo-Cole-Peanut,and Ginkgo-Cole-Corn.【Conclusion】The quality of Ginkgo kernel was improved in agroforestry system; it can be applied in Ginkgo trees for nut production,especially in GinkgoBroadbean-Peanut system which is suitable for promotion and application.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第11期63-70,共8页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD21B04)
关键词
银杏
果用林
复合经营
种仁品质
层次分析法
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo trees for nut production
agroforestry system
Ginkgo kernel quality
analytic hierarchy process
