摘要
通过4年(2010-2013年)6季田间定位试验,研究了不同氮钾肥分配方式对花生-油菜轮作制作物产量、植株氮钾素累积量、氮钾肥吸收利用效率、土壤氮钾素平衡和施肥经济效益的影响。试验设空白对照(CK)、农户习惯施肥(FB)和轮作周年氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)单季均衡施肥(花生90-90-120,油菜180-90-120)、花生低氮油菜高氮(花生45-90-120,油菜225-90-120)、花生高钾油菜低钾(花生90-90-180,油菜180-90-60)和花生低钾油菜高钾(花生90-90-60,油菜180-90-180)等6个处理。结果表明:(1)施用氮磷钾肥花生、油菜和轮作周年产量平均分别提高10.9%、118.0%和32.1%,其中花生以花生高钾油菜低钾处理表现最好,油菜以花生低氮油菜高氮处理表现最好。(2)施用氮磷钾肥能显著提高花生和油菜的氮、钾素累积量,与单季均衡施肥相比,花生低氮油菜高氮处理能显著提高花生氮肥偏生产力和氮素吸收效率,花生高钾油菜低钾处理能显著提高油菜钾肥偏生产力和钾素吸收效率。(3)试验结束后,空白对照与农户习惯施肥的土壤氮、钾素均表现为亏缺,4种氮钾肥分配方式的土壤氮、钾素均表现为盈余(分别盈余36.1kg/hm^2和24.0kg/hm^2)。(4)在经济效益上,花生、油菜和轮作周年的产投比均以花生高钾油菜低钾处理最高(花生2.12、油菜3.13、周年2.59)。综合考虑认为,湖北省花生和油菜的氮肥适宜用量是90kg/hm^2和180kg/hm^2,在轮作周年钾肥总用量有限条件下,将钾肥适当前移至花生季有利于提高肥料利用率和经济收益。
Effects of different nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） fertilizer allocation strategies on crops yield, N and K uptake in plant, fertilizer use efficiency, soil NK balance and economic benefit were studied by using a 6 –season-four-year （2010-2013） located experiment in peanut-rapeseed cropping system. Six treatments were set as no fertilizer control （CK）, farmer’s practice （FP）, balanced fertilizer （BF with N, P2O5 and K2O rates of 90, 90, 120kg/hm^2 in peanut, and 180, 90, 120kg/hm^2 in rapeseed respectively）, postponing N （PN with N, P2O5 and K2O rates of 45, 90, 120kg/hm^2 in peanut, and 225, 90, 120kg/hm^2 in rapeseed respectively）, beforehand K （BK with N, P2O5 and K2O rates of 90, 90, 180kg/hm^2 in peanut, and 180, 90, 60kg/hm^2 in rapeseed respectively） and postponing K （PK wth N, P2O5 and K2O rates of 90, 90, 60kg/hm^2 in peanut, and 180, 90, 180kg/hm^2 in rapeseed respectively）. The results showed that： （1） compared with the control, all treatments with NPK fertilizer increased the yields of peanut, rapeseed and annual by 10.9%, 118.0% and 32.1% respectively. Among these treatments, the highest yield of peanut was obtained by BK treatment, and the highest yield of rapeseed was obtained by PN treatment respectively. （2） appling NPK fertilizer could significantly increase crop N and K uptakes. Compared to BF treatment, the highest N partial factor productivity and N-uptake efficiency of peanut were obtained by PN treatment, the highest K partial factor productivity and K-uptake efficiency of rapeseed were obtained by BK treatment respectively. （3） the apparent N balance and the apparent K balance in the soil-crop system were negative in CK and FP treatments after the four-year peanut-rapeseed cropping, while positive balance were obtained in the other 4 treatments （36.1 kg/hm^2 N and 24.0kg/hm^2 K2O）. （4） the economic return index indicating by ratios of income to input of NPK fertilizer was the highest in BK treatment with the value of 2.12 for peanut, 3.13 for rapeseed and 2.59 for the whole year. The overall results suggested that the appropriate N application rates were 90kg/hm^2 in peanut and 180kg/hm^2 in rapeseed respectively. And under the condition of K fertilizer shortage, K fertilizer was preferred to applying in peanut season to improve fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits in this peanut-rapeseed cropping system.
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期817-823,共7页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家花生现代产业技术体系(CARS-14)
国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI-Hubei-28)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123-09)
关键词
花生-油菜轮作
氮钾肥
产量
养分效率
Peanut- rapeseed rotation
Nitrogen and potassium application
Yield
Nutrient efficiency
