摘要
目的 探讨输入性疟疾的流行病学和临床特征,为该病的诊断和治疗提供指导。方法 对2014-2015年的43例输入性疟疾患者的流行病学和临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 43例输入性疟疾病例均为男性,年龄（40.04±11.90）岁。间日疟19例,恶性疟24例。有12例（27.91%）在疟疾流行区曾经感染疟疾。所有病例均发热,37.21%病例热退后有大汗,30.23%有寒战。此外还伴有肌肉酸痛65.12%（28/43）、恶心呕吐55.81%（24/43）、咳嗽30.23%（13/43）、腹痛腹泻18.60%（8/43）、贫血27.91%（12/43）、黄疸4.65%（2/43）和肝脾肿大37.21%（16/43）。43例病例中,中性粒细胞比值升高58.14%（25/43）,嗜酸性粒细胞降低60.47%（26/43）,PLT降低76.74%（33/43）、HGB降低27.91%（12/43）;肝脏酶学升高60.47%（26/43）、总胆红素升高4.65%（2/43）、白蛋白降低4.65%（2/43）;尿素氮和肌酐升高2.33%（1/43）。B超查见肝脏长大者占4.65%（2/43）,脾脏长大者占32.56%（14/43）。经病原学治疗和对症治疗后,除1例死亡外,其余病例均在1-2周内治愈。结论 输入性疟疾临床表现复杂,遇有疟疾流行区返回人员,临床医师要高度警惕输入性疟疾的发生,结合流行病学史和临床表现,及时诊断并进行抗疟治疗及处理并发症。
Objective To explore the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of the imported malaria, and guide diagnosis and treatment. Method The epidemiological and clinical data of 43 cases of imported malaria from 2014 to 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 43 cases of imported malaria, all the patients were male, with an average age of （40.04±11.90） years old, 19 cases were vivax malaria, 24 cases were falciparum malaria, and 12 cases 27.91% had been infected with malaria in a malaria-endemic area. All the patients had fever. 37.21% of patients had sweated after fever was down. 30.23% patients had shiver. Of the 43 patients, muscle soreness was found in 65.12% cases. 55.81% of the patients had nausea and vomiting; 30.23% had coughing; 18.60% had abdominal pain and diarrhea; 27.91% had anemia; 4.65% had jaundice and 37.21% had enlarged liver and spleen; 58.14% had neutrophilia; 60.47% （26/43） had eosinophil decreased ; 76.74% （33/43） had PLT decreased ; 27.91% （12/43） had HGB decreased ; 60.47% （26/43） had liver enzyme activity increased; 4.65% （2/43） had total bilirubin increased; 2.33% （1/43） had urea nitrogen and creatinine increased. B-ultrasound found that the liver enlarged accounted for 4.65% （2/43） ; spleen enlarged accounted for 32.56% （ 14/43 ）. After the etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment, in addition to 1 case of death, the remaining cases were cured within 1 to 2 weeks. Conclusions Imported malaria cases had complicated clinical manifestation. The doctors who diagnosed patients come from the endemic areas should take imported malaria into account. Accurate diagnosis and tentative treatment should be delivered to patients in time according to the history of epidemiology and clinical manifestation.
出处
《热带医学杂志》
CAS
2016年第12期1578-1580,共3页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
关键词
输入性疟疾
临床特征
诊断
治疗
Imported malaria
Clinical manifestation
Diagnose
Therapy
