摘要
环境规制是否以及如何影响污染减排,现有理论和实证研究尚未形成共识。为此,本文基于中介效应视角并从技术创新、产业结构和外商直接投资三个层面解析环境规制对污染排放的影响机制。同时,利用非线性面板门槛模型和空间面板杜宾模型实证检验了环境规制对污染排放的门槛效应及空间溢出效应,得到以下结论:环境规制的污染减排效应会随地区技术创新水平、产业结构偏向以及外商直接投资水平的变化而发生结构性变化。也即,在不同技术创新水平、产业结构偏向指数、外商直接投资水平下,环境规制对污染排放的净影响分别呈现出倒"V"型、"V"型及倒"V"型的单一门槛特征。而且,相邻或邻近地区间的环境规制与污染排放均存在明显的空间溢出效应,并表现出"一荣俱荣、一损俱损"的共生性形态。破解"保增长、促减排"这一"两难"困局,除了因地制宜、因时制宜地制定差异化的环境规制政策,还应从技术创新、产业结构调整、外商直接投资以及环境规制的区域协调机制等多个层面促成环境规制的污染减排效应发挥。
Whether Environmental regulation affected the pollution reduction and how to affect pollution reduc- tion, the existing theoretical and empirical researches have not reached a consensus. Therefore, based on the inter- mediate perspective, this paper researches the influencing mechanism from technological innovation, industrial structure and foreign direct investment. The theoretical research shows that, the effect of environmental regulation on pollution reduction will change with the level of technological investment. Firstly, the mediating effect of environmental regula innovation, industrial structure and foreign direct tion on technological innovation exists not only the effect of technological innovation compensation, but also the follow cost effect. Besides, the two effects have the op- posite effect on pollution reduction. Secondly, the deviation of industrial structure will affect the net effect of environmental regulation on pollution emission, and the green development of industrial structure is conductive to promote the pollution reduction effect of environmental regulation. Thirdly, the intermediary effect of foreign direct investment on environmental regulation plays the dual role of ＇angel＇ and ＇devil＇ On the one hand, it initiates the ＇ bottom to bottom competition＇ and ＇ incomplete execution＇ of environmental regulation, and make the area with low environmental regulation level become ＇ pollution haven＇. On the other hand, it promotes the technological innovation and spillover, and enhances pollution halo effect. To test the theoretical hypothesis, it empirically tests the threshold effect and spatial spillover effect of environ- mental regulation on pollution emissions with 2003--2014 provincial panel data, a panel threshold model and spa- tial Dubin model （SDM）. The empirical result s tion has a structural change with the changes of hows that, the pollution reduction effect of environmental regula local technological innovation level, industrial structure deviation and foreign direct investment. In the first, under the different technical innovation level, the net effect of environmental regulation on pollution emissions shows an inverted ＇V＇ type single threshold characteristic. And the improvement of technological innovation level is helpful to the pollution abatement effect of environmental regulation. In the second, with the change of industrial structure deviation index, the net effect of environmental regulation on pollution emissions shows a ＇ V＇ type single threshold characteristic, and the green development of industrial struc- ture has contributed to the pollution reduction of environmental regulation. In the third, under different levels of foreign direct investment, the net effect of environmental regulation on pollution emissions also shows an inverted ＇ V＇ type single threshold characteristic. That＇ s to say, with the rise of the level of foreign direct investment, the effect of environmental regulation on pollution reduction becomes significant. In the fourth, there are spatial spillo- ver effects on environmental regulation and pollution emissions in the adjacent areas. In other words, the environ- mental regulation and pollution emissions are ＂bound together for good or ill＂. To break the dilemma of economic development and pollution reduction, we should promote the pollution reduction of environmental regulation from technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment, foreign direct investment and the construction of environmental regulation coordination mechanism, except for setting the differential policy of environmental regulation according to circumstances. Firstly, it is necessary to abandon the concept of ＇ development, light pollution＇ , and guide the benign competition of environmental regulation. Secondly, the formulation of environmental regulation policy should be based on the promotion of technological innovation and the optimization of industrial structure. Thirdly, we should treat foreign direct investment as a double - edged sword objectively, and strengthen the introduction of high quality and high efficiency foreign capital selectively. Lastly, it is obliged to establish the regional coordination mechanism of environmental regulation, and set up the joint control of pollution pattern from the macro, meso and micro levels.
作者
吴伟平
何乔
WU Wei-ping HE Qiao(Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, Chin)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期20-34,共15页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"环境规制作用下污染密集型产业空间演变的动力机制与调控模式研究"(41271140)
国家社会科学基金一般项目"产业结构调整促进污染减排的潜力
效应及政策研究"(13BJY070)
湖南省社会科学基金项目"环境规制视角下长株潭城市群绿色创新机理与政策研究"(16YBA155)
关键词
环境规制
污染减排
门槛效应
空间溢出
environmental regulation
pollution reduction
threshold effect
spatial spillover
