摘要
该文以府河流域污灌区农田为研究对象,通过田间小区试验研究了5种施肥措施对土壤重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)有效性以及夏玉米(Zea mays L.)对Cd、Pb富集和转运能力的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥(CK)相比,尿素、磷酸二铵和氯化钾配施(N-P-K)以及腐殖酸复合肥、尿素和磷酸二铵配施(HA-N-P)的表层土壤Cd、Pb有效性以及夏玉米对Cd、Pb的富集和迁移能力差异均不显著(P>0.05)。然而,腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施(HA-S-P)以及硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施(S-P-K)2种施肥措施的表层土壤有效Cd含量分别比CK降低了10.60%和6.36%,表层土壤有效Pb含量分别比CK降低了11.49%和6.00%。此外,HA-S-P处理和S-P-K处理夏玉米Pb转运系数分别比CK降低了50.33%和77.10%,且夏玉米籽粒Pb含量分别比CK降低了59.75%和80.43%(P<0.05),但各处理间夏玉米对Cd的转运和富集能力差异并不显著,这说明施用硫基肥可有效抑制夏玉米对Pb的富集和转运,但并未影响其对Cd的富集和转运。综上所述,该污灌区轻度Cd、Pb复合污染农田土壤种植夏玉米建议硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施,或者腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施。
With the development of industry and agriculture, farmland soils irrigated with wastewater in China have been suffering heavy metal damages for many years, which have harmful impact on crops by adsorption and translocation. Therefore, it is urgent to remediate farmland soils contaminated with heavy metals as they will pose risk to human via food crop production and consumption. Agricultural measures such as fertilization have become promising methods because they are cost-effective and eco-friendly to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. In this study, the field experiments were conducted in Fu River region to explore the effects of five different fertilization treatments on availability of cadmium（Cd） and lead（Pb） in soil as well as Cd and Pb translocation and accumulation in summer maize. The results showed that there were no significant difference in soil Cd and Pb availability and the translocation and accumulation in summer maize between CK（conventional fertilization： corn special compound fertilize, potassium chloride, urea） and the other two treatments, which were N-P-K（urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride） and HA-N-P（humic acid combined fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate） treatments. In addition, compared with CK, the soil available Cd levels in the treatments of HA-S-P（humic acid combined fertilizer, ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate） and S-P-K（ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate supplied） reduced by 10.60% and 6.36%, and the soil available Pb concentrations in the treatments of HA-S-P and S-P-K decreased by 11.49% and 6.00%, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in maize grains of these five treatments were less than the safety limitation of contaminants in food or food products（GB 2762-2012）, but Pb concentrations in maize straws of these five treatments were higher than hygienical standard for feeds（GB13078-2001）, accounting for 56.25%-109.13%. Therefore, summer maize straws were suitable for silage which planted on the farmland soils contaminated lightly with Cd and Pb. Furthermore, Cd and Pb bioaccumulation factors of grains were about 100 times less than those of straws. Cd bioaccumulation factors in grains and straws were 6.89-35.00 times higher and 5.13-6.17 times more than those of Pb, respectively. Pb transportation and accumulation in maize could be effectively restrained by sulfur fertilizer for Pb bioaccumulation factors of maize grains and Pb translocation factors of maize in HA-S-P and S-P-K treatments decreased by 44.44%, 77.78% and 50.33%, 77.10%, compared with that in CK, respectively. Pb concentrations in maize grains of these two treatments significantly（P〈0.05） declined by 59.75% and 80.43% compared with that in CK, respectively. However, there were no significant（P〉0.05） in Cd bioaccumulation factors and translocation factors of maize among five fertilization treatments. Different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on Cd accumulation and translocation in maize. In conclusion, it was the most suitable fertilization measure to apply fertilizers of ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in farmland soils contaminated lightly with Cd and Pb when summer maize planted, followed by application of humic acid combined fertilizer, ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate.
作者
孙洪欣
薛培英
赵全利
冯宇佳
耿丽平
陈苗苗
刘文菊
Sun Hongxin Xue Peiying Zhao Quanli Feng Yujia Geng Liping Chen Miaomiao Liu Wenju(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Farmland in Hebei, Baoding 071000, China The Teaching Experiment Field, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期182-189,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
河北省高等学校创新团队领军人才培育计划(LJRC016)
国家自然科学基金(41471398)
关键词
重金属
肥料
污染
污灌农田
夏玉米
镉
铅
heavy metals
fertilizers
pollution
wastewater irrigated farmland
summer maize
cadmium
lead
