摘要
汉语在由古至今的发展中既有各地言与言(口语与口语)的歧异,又有古今言与文(口语与书面语)的歧异。秦汉后不断增加的方俗口语成分逐步形成与文言文相抗衡而并峙的反映实际口语发展的古白话。古白话由微而显,吸收了文言、口语和方言中大量有生命的语言成分,大致经历了汉魏晋南北朝的文中夹白期、唐宋元的半文半白期和明清的文白此消彼长期,总倾向是向不同文化和不同阶层的人们共同使用的通语靠拢,终由以文为主到以白为主,由不登大雅之堂到升堂入室而取代文言文形成了现代白话,即现代汉语。由东周洛邑语演变为现代汉语既有文白的古今演变,又有南北方言与通语的相融互补,不仅是汉语自身发展的必然,而且由实录口语到主动立意以白话撰述更蕴含有人们的价值取向。
The development of Chinese in all ages includes the differences not only between spoken languages and spoken languages, but also between the spoken languages and written languages. After the Han Dynasty, the increasing elements of dialects, common sayings and spoken languages gradually formed the ancient vernacular Chinese and actually reflected the development of spoken languages which contended with classical Chinese. Step by step, the ancient vernacular Chinese absorbed a large amount of the invigorating language elements in classical Chinese, spoken languages and dialects, which roughly experienced three periods： classical Chinese mingled with vernacular Chinese in the Han Dynasty and the Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties, half classical Chinese half vernacular Chinese in the Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty and the shift time in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, and actually formed modern vernacular Chinese （modern Chi- people in different classes. The transition from Classical Chinese to Vernacular Chinese is not only the inevita- bility of the development of languages but also shows people＇s value orientation.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期85-91,共7页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"古白话词汇研究"(13BYY107)
上海高校高峰学科建设计划资助"中国语言文学"阶段性成果
关键词
文言
白话
方言
通语
文白转型
classical Chinese
vernacular Chinese
dialect
general language between the south and north
transition from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese
