摘要
作物叶片δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值与其水分和氮素吸收利用关系密切,旱涝急转是华南地区、长江流域夏季频发的一种气象灾害。为了探明该气象灾害下双季杂交稻水分和氮素吸收利用特点,以超级杂交稻品种淦鑫203(早稻)和五丰优T025(晚稻)为材料,采用桶栽方式,于自然条件下"旱涝急转"常发生时段,即稻株穗分化期,设置"不旱不涝"(T1)、"干旱不涝"(T2)、"不旱淹涝"(T3)及"旱涝急转"(T4)等不同水分处理,考查叶片δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N和叶片干物质指标的变化。结果表明,双季超级杂交稻倒2叶δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N在不同水分处理下存在较大差异。早稻T4结束初期倒2叶δ^(13)C值最高,波动最大,T1总体表现为上升状态,波动最小;晚稻T4结束初期倒2叶δ^(13)C值最高,波动较剧烈。早稻T1、T3倒2叶δ^(15)N值先降低而后缓慢上升,T4显示为先上升后下降趋势,总体上,T4与T1、T3之间呈相反的变化,T2倒2叶δ^(15)N值一直较高,表明一定干旱条件下氮同化比率较高;晚稻T2、T3倒2叶δ^(15)N值先降低而后迅速上升,T4与T2、T3之间基本呈相反的变化趋势。不同水分处理下双季稻叶片干物质积累量存在较大差异,早、晚稻均是T4最低,T1最高,其中早稻T4与T1、T2、T3差异显著,晚稻T4与T1、T3差异显著,早、晚稻T2、T3、T4较T1分别下降4.12%、1.62%、31.08%,16.07%、8.53%、27.07%,说明水稻穗分化期"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转",尤其是"旱涝急转"使叶片受损,叶片干物质积累能力下降,水稻生长发育受到抑制,而T2、T4比T3叶片干物质质量下降更多,说明一定程度的"涝"比"旱"及"旱涝急转"对双季稻叶片损伤更轻。本研究结果为水稻抗旱、耐涝品种选育和抗逆栽培的实践提供了理论依据。
The δ13C and δ53N value of crop leaves are closely related to water and nitrogen uptake and utilization, and drought-floods abrupt alternation is one kind of frequently outbreak meteorological disasters in summer for southern China area and Yangtze river valley. To prove the utilization characteristics of water and nitrogen uptake in double-season hybrid rice under the meteorological disasters, super hybrid rice varieties of Ganxin203 （early rice） and Wufengyou T025 （late rice） were selected as the materials and grown by pot cultivation during the drought-floods abrupt alternation happening usually period under natural conditions. The rice plants were treated by no drought and no floods （T1） , drought and no floods （T2） , no drought and floods （T3） , drought and floods abrupt alternation （T4） during panicle initiation stage, and the changes of leaf δ13C, δ53N and dry matter indexes were inspected. The results showed as follows： significant differences were observed in the leaf δ13C and δ53N value of the double-season super hybrid rice between different water treatments. The T4 of early rice had the highest δ13C value and the maximum fluctuation in initial stage of the end. The T1 treatment displayed a rise in the overall state and the minimum fluctuation. The T4 of late rice had the highest δ13C value in initial stage of the end and fluctuated more violently. The early rice TI and T3 δ53 N value in the reciprocal second leaf decreased to the lowest value and then rose slowly, while T4 showed inversely. On the whole, a reverse change between T1, T3 and T4, and a leading position of the T2 δ53N value in the reciprocal second leaf showed that nitrogen assimilation rate was higher under certain drought condition. The late rice T2 and T3 δ53N value in the reciprocal second leaf decreased to the lowest value and then rapidly rose, and a reverse change was observed between T2, T3 and T4. The dry matter accumulation in leaves of the double-season super hybrid rice was significantly different under different water treatments. The lowest was T4 and the highest was T1. The early rice T4 and T1, T2 and T3 were significantly different, while for late rice, T4 and T1, T3 were very different, compared with T1 early rice and late rice T2, T3 and T4 decreased by 4.12% , 1.62% , 31.08% , 16.07% , 8.53% , and 27.07% , respectively. It showed that during rice panicle initiation stage of ＂ drought＂, ＂flood＂ and ＂ drought-floods abrupt alternation＂, especially ＂ drought-floods abrupt alternation＂, the leaves damaged and the leaf dry mass accumulation capacity decreased and rlce growth was inhibited. Compared with T3, T2 and T4 leaf dry mass decreased more, it showed that the injury of double-season rice leaves under a certain degree of ＂flood＂ was lighter than under ＂drought＂ and ＂ drought-flood abrupt alternation＂ The results of this study provided valuable reference for the breeding and cultivation by stress resistance of rice drought-resistant and flood-resistant varieties.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期559-565,共7页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(314771441
30860136)
江西省科技支撑项目(2010BNA03600)
江西省教育厅项目(GJJ14283)
关键词
双季超级杂交稻
穗分化期
旱涝急转
叶片干物质
δ13C和δ15N
double-season super hybrid rice, panicle initiation stage, drought-floods abrupt alternation, leaf dry matter,δ13C and δ15N
