摘要
目的了解某幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学及病原学特征,探讨发生此次疫情的危险因素,为本地区防控手足口病提供科学依据。方法利用描述性流行病学研究方法分析某幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学及病原学特征,采用病例—对照的研究方法探讨引起此次疫情的危险因素。结果 2015年11月17日~12月7日某幼儿园累计共发生手足口病病例16例,罹患率为1.61%(16/994),其中临床诊断病例13例、确诊病例3例。发病高峰集中在11月22~28日,占总病例数的68.75%(11/16)。病例中男女性别比为0.33∶1,年龄均在3~5岁组之间。病原学方面,采集的5例病例中有3例是Cox A16阳性,其余样本均为通用肠道病毒阴性。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:有咬手指的习惯和饭前不洗手是此次手足口病疫情的危险因素。结论这是一起因Cox A16感染导致的幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情。对患儿的早期发现与隔离、对幼儿园教室及幼儿玩耍外环境、物品玩具的清洁消毒,加强晨检、午检、因病缺课登记工作,开展健康教育均为重要的防控措施。建议幼托机构培养儿童饭前便后要洗手、不咬手指等良好的卫生习惯,以达到预防手足口病传播的目的。
Objective To understand the epidemiology and etiology of the outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease（HFMD） in a kindergarten and explore the risks of the outbreak, and to provide scientific evidence for how to prevent and control HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was applied to studying the epidemiology and etiology of the outbreak. We employed case - control study to investigate the risks of the outbreak. Results There were 13 cases of clinical diagnosis and 3 cases of lab - confirmed in the kindergarten from 17th November to 7th December 2015, and the attack rate was 1.61%. The incidence peak was 22th November to 28th November, which accounted for 68.75% of total cases. The ratio of male - to - female was O. 33：1, and the children between 3 - 5 years old accounted for all cases. The result of etiology showed that 3 of 5 cases were positive for Cox A16, however, the rest of samples were negative for enteric virus. The logistic regression analysis suggested that biting fingers （ OR = 5. 80, P = 0. 027） and eating without washing hands （ OR = 6. 82, P = 0. 034） were the risks of the outbreak. Conclusion This out- break of HFMD was caused by Cox A16. Early detection and isolation, disinfecting classrooms and items, reinforcing inspection and registration on absence for disease, and health education are important measures of preventing and controlling HFMD. We should prevent an outbreak and transmission of HFMD via promoting health habits.
出处
《医学动物防制》
2017年第2期144-146,共3页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
江苏省预防医学科研项目(Y2015006)
江阴市卫计委预防医学科研项目(Z201509)
关键词
手足口病
暴发
流行病学调查
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Outbreak
Epidemiological investigation
