摘要
测墒补灌是近年开发的一种小麦节水栽培新技术,水分管理的土层深度是该技术的关键因素之一。本研究以济麦22为试验品种,于2013—2014和2014—2015年度在山东兖州进行大田试验,设置4个测墒补灌土层深度,补灌至目标土层拔节期相对含水量70%和开花期相对含水量75%,以定量灌溉(拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm)和全生育期不灌水处理为对照,通过测定花后0~30 d灌浆阶段小麦冠层光截获特性、群体光合速率、旗叶荧光特性,以及最终籽粒产量和水分利用效率,以明确测墒补灌达到增产的光合基础及最佳土层。当补灌土层为0~20 cm时,灌水量为50.1~51.2 mm,小麦叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量、冠层光截获率和群体光合速率,以及旗叶实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在各灌水处理中最低;补灌土层为0~40 cm时,灌水量为73.1~93.1 mm,上述前4项指标比补灌深度20 cm时依次提高6.0%~42.4%、8.5%~27.9%、6.7%~14.5%、11.0%~14.6%,同时旗叶ΦPSII和Fv/Fm亦显著提高;补灌深度加大至60 cm(灌水量87.5~105.4 cm)和80 cm(灌水量101.8~115.0 cm)时,这些指标无显著增加。与光合特性相关指标一致,籽粒产量也表现为补灌深度大于40 cm的3个处理间无显著差异,且与定量灌溉对照无显著差异,但都显著高于补灌深度20 cm处理。在本试验条件下,对0~40 cm土层实施测墒补灌,较定量灌溉减少用水26.9~46.9 mm,水分利用效率提高16.2%~16.7%,灌溉效益增加34.0%~68.1%,说明在类似生态条件下,中穗型小麦品种济麦22测墒补灌节水栽培技术的目标土层为0~40 cm。
Supplemental irrigation based on moisture measurement of soil is a water-saving technology newly developed in wheat cultivation, in which soil depth is one of the key factors. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with the high-yield variety Jimai 22 in Yanzhou, Shandong province in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winter wheat seasons to unravel the photosynthetic basis of high yield by supplemental irrigation in the proper soil layer. Four supplemental irrigation treatments（relative soil water content of 70% and 75% at jointing and anthesis stage, respectively） were designed with the target soil depths of 20 cm（T20）, 40 cm（T40）, 60 cm（T60）, and 80 cm（T80）, and no irrigation and traditionally fixed irrigation（60 mm at jointing and anthesis each） were used as the controls. The indices measured were canopy photosynthetically active radiation（PAR） interception, canopy apparent photosynthesis（CAP）, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaves from 0 to 30 days after anthesis, as well as grain yield and water use efficiency（WUE）. The leaf area index, PAR interception, canopy light interception rate, CAP of treat-ment T40 were 6.0%–42.4%, 8.5%–27.9%, 6.7%–14.5%, and 11.0%–14.6% higher than those of treatment T20, respectively. At the same time, the maximal quantum yield of PSII（Fv/Fm）, actual efficiency of PSII（ΦPSII） of flag leaves also improved significantly. When making supplemental irrigation to 60 cm and 80 cm soil layers, the above parameters had no significant increase. The grain yield of treatment T40 was not significantly different from that of T60, T80 and fixed irrigation control. However, irrigation amount significantly decreased by 26.9–46.9 mm, water use efficiency and irrigation benefit significantly increased by 16.2%–16.7% and 34.0%–68.1% respectively during both wheat growing seasons as compared with those of fixed irrigation control. Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement in 0–40 cm soil layer is the most appropriate treatment in similar ecological conditions to this study for Jimai 22 wheat cultivar.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期253-262,共10页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM34)
国家自然科学基金项目(31101115)
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-3-1-19)资助~~
关键词
小麦
冠层光截获
荧光特性
测墒补灌
土层深度
Wheat
Canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement
Soil layers
