摘要
目的研究小、微型箱包生产企业对胶粘剂毒性认知和健康管理的差异。方法利用行政部门召集企业负责人培训机会,对广州市某镇187名箱包生产企业的负责人进行问卷调查,调查内容涉及企业的化学品使用管理、客户订单要求、行政监督情况、职业健康体检、培训教育、个体防护用品使用和知识需求等方面。结果随着企业规模的增加,对胶粘剂毒性的知晓率由33.3%升高至46.2%;订单客户关注企业化学品使用的比例由38.6%增加到53.8%;组织员工开展健康检查和主动发放呼吸防护用品的企业比例分别由50.9%和49.1%增加到61.5%和57.7%;行政部门对企业的检查和处罚主要在微型企业和100人以下小型企业,但近2年发生化学品中毒案例的企业则集中在微型企业和100人以上的小型企业。不同规模企业在近2年胶水中毒案例、行政处罚、员工培训、防护用品投入方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论根据不同规模的企业在内部职业健康管理、外部督促环境和专业技术支持方面采取不同的干预策略,对于促进企业的工作场所健康有着积极意义。
Objective To investigate the difference in occupational health management of adhesives applying in small and micro-sized case and bag manufacturing enterprises. Methods 187 employers collected in case and bag manufac- turing enterprises were surveyed with questionnaire. The content of questionnaire includes management of chemical use, de- mands of customer order, administrative supervision, occupational health surveillance, training and education, personal protective equipment （PPE） and knowledge demands. Results With the enterprise scale expanded, the awareness rate of adhesive poison increased from 33.3% to 46. 2%. The proportion of customer concerning about the chemicals used in manu- facturing increased from 38.6% to 53.8%. The proportion of implementation health surveillance and PPE distribution in- creased from 50. 9% and 49. 1% to 61.5% and 57. 7% respectively. The administrative supervision and punishment concen- trated in micro-sized and small-sized enterprises with less than 100 employees, but the chemical poison cases in the last 2 years concentrated in micro-sized and small-sized enterprises with more than 100 employees. The differences in the poison ca- ses, government punishment, training and PPE investment are statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The oc- cupational health management can be promoted through intervention in the aspect of inner-health management, external supervise, and professional technical support, but the differentiation of policy applying in intervention is very important in promoting workplace health.
作者
何东奎
杨敏
李莹莹
李美芬
李晓艺
苏玮
何平
HE Dong-kui YANG Min LI Ying-ying LI Mei-fen LI Xiao-yi SU Wei HE Ping(Hospital for Occupational Diseases in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830009, Chin)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2017年第1期29-32,共4页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
广东省科技计划项目(2014A020209052)
关键词
胶粘剂
箱包
职业健康
小微企业
Adhesives
Case and bag
Occupational health
Small micro enterprise
