摘要
中药白头翁用药历史悠久,早在《神农本草经》中就有记载,别名有奈何草、胡王使者、老翁花等。东汉时期,张仲景就在《伤寒杂病论》写到:"热利下重者,白头翁汤主之。"古代本草传承和记载不尽相同,只是有"近根处有白茸"或"近头部有白茸"等简单描述。通过对白头翁的本草学研究,查阅和分析历代本草文献,考证其基原及产地、功效等,并对中国白头翁属植物标本的整理、比较,结合对中国白头翁属分类研究,考证中药白头翁原植物基原,为白头翁的进一步开发利用提供依据。通过对古代本草文献考证分析,只能确定为毛茛科白头翁属Pulsatilla植物,无法确定为白头翁P.chinensis。中药白头翁全国各地用药差异很大,仅仅通过性状特征等无法鉴别其种类,药材市场上混淆品、伪品很多,严重影响人们用药安全。随着近代分子生药学DNA条形码技术的发展,它具有准确、简便、快速的特点,为鉴定植物的种类及发现新物种提供了新方法,为鉴别植物药材真伪提供了可靠依据。白头翁属间植物种类繁多,药材鉴别亦更加困难,DNA条形码技术可以解决这一问题。大量实验表明:白头翁属植物(如朝鲜白头翁、兴安白头翁等)化学成分及指标性成分与白头翁相似,是否能作为正品使用,需要结合制剂、药理等分析技术,从而更好的利用它们的药用价值。
Pulsatillae Radix, also known as Pulsatilla Chinesis Regel, has a long history of medication, and was found in Sheng Nong＇s Herbal Classic. In Eastern Han Dynasty, ＇Medical Sage＇ Zhang Zhong-jing wrote in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, ＇ Pulsatillae Radix Tang is an antipyretic and purgative medicine＇. Ancient herbal literatures and records are different in descriptions of ＇white velvet nearby root＇ and ＇ white velvet nearby head＇. Through the study of herbal medicine of Pulsatillae Radix, we reviewed and analyzed previous herbal literatures, studied its basic, origin and efficacy, and summarized and compared Chinese Pulsatilla sect samples. According to taxonomic studies for Chinese Pulsatilla sect, we made a textual research for the basis of Chinese herb Pulsatilla sect and provide the basis for further development and utilization of Pulsatillae Radix. Through the analysis of ancient herbal researches and literatures, we only identified it as a Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla sect plant, but could not identify it as P. chinensis. Because the medication of Pulsatillae Radix greatly varies in different places in China, we could not identify it based on characteristics. Worse still, there are many confused and counterfeit products in the market, which seriously affects people medication safety. With the characteristics of accuracy, simplicity and rapidity, modern molecular biological DNA bar code technology provides a new method for the identification of plant species and the discovery of new species and reliable basis for identifying the authenticity of botanicals. DNA bar code technology can help identify the wide variety of Pulsatilla sect plants. A large number of experiments show that Pulsatilla sect plants （such as P. cernua, P. dahurica） have similar chemical components and index components with P. Chinensis, and their medicinal value shall be determined through preparation and pharmacology-based analytical techniques.
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期203-209,共7页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
辽宁中医药大学杰出青年基金项目(20121228)
辽宁省高等学校杰出青年学者成长计划项目(LJQ2014101)
"我国水生
耐盐中药资源的合理利用研究"项目(201407002)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
关键词
白头翁
本草考证
植物分类
Pulsatillae Radix
textual research
plant taxonomy
