摘要
在行政法理论和司法审查中,辨别行政协议(行政合同)的通用标准是一个具有综合性质的要件标准,其在针对具体问题时并非得心应手。只能以"一案一议"的方式,建立具体合同关系法律属性的判断。在行政私法契约中,并未发生公权力的作用;在行政主体隐身的合同关系中,公权力恰恰可能发挥了作用。删繁就简,可将"公权力的作用"作为行政协议与民事合同区别的核心标准,它是二者之间最小的公倍数。契约合意则是行政协议与民事合同之间最大的公约数。英美法上的政府合同并不区分公法与私法,并未影响其法治发达现状。中国正在兴起的公私合作行政中,逐渐使用了政府合同概念。与政府合同理念相契合,从难而易,在立法和司法政策上,可以考虑将含有公共权力、公共任务目的、公共财物等因素之一的合同形态,纳入行政诉讼解纷渠道。
In the theory of administrative law and judicial review, the common standard on distinguishing administrative agreement/contract from civil contract is a generalone which has a few defects when applying to specific cases. ＂One Case One Deliberation＂ is adopted only to judge the law attribute of a contractual relations. The effect of public power does not play a role in the administrativeprivate law contract, whilstit comes into play in the contractual relation of invisible administrative subjects. To simplify the situation, the effect of public power can serve as the core standard to distinguish administrative agreement and civil contract. In a metaphor, the effect of public power is the lowest common multiple between them while the consensusof contract is their greatest common divisor. In Anglo-American legal system, there is no distinction between public law and private law, not hindering its developed status of the legal system. In China, the concept of government contract is applied to deal with the emerging public-private cooperation administration.Combined with the concept of government contract, a contract which contains any one of the three factors of public power, public task purpose and public propertyshould be considered to be solved in administrative litigation way.
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期36-53,共18页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
国家社科基金项目"行政相对人违法行为研究"(14BFX147)
吉林大学社科项目"规制国家背景下的行政立法过程"(2014QY051)阶段性成果
关键词
行政协议
公权力
诉讼
政府合同
Administrative Agreement
Public Power
Litigation
Government Contract
