摘要
回顾了近年来氮杂环类离子液体作为离子传导介质在高温质子交换膜中的应用,主要体现在直接物理掺杂、高分子主链修饰改性、采用无机有机复合技术在膜内锚固3个方向。采用离子液体与聚合物电解质直接掺杂所制备的质子交换膜在高温条件下表现出了优异的质子传导性能,但离子液体容易随电极反应生成的水而流失,进而造成电池性能下降的缺点限制了其实际应用;采用离子液体单元对高分子主链进行修饰可以实现离子液体在质子交换膜内的固定,而复杂的合成工艺以及离子液体单元的低柔顺性导致的低电导率是其存在的缺点;通过离子液体修饰的无机纳米氧化物与聚合物电解质的掺杂也可以实现离子液体在质子交换膜中的固定,这类膜材料的制备难点在于连续质子传导相的形成以及提高离子液体单元的可移动性。在对上述3个主要研究方向的特点进行概括和评述的基础上,指出通过有机无机复合技术实现离子液体在质子交换膜内的固定并提高离子液体的局部柔顺性是未来高温质子交换膜的重点研究方向。
In this paper,we introduce recent progress of the preparation of high temperature proton exchange membranes using ionic liquids as proton transport medium and their applications as membrane electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Applications of N-heterocyclic compound based ionic liquids in high temperature proton exchange membranes is mainly divided into three directions：physical impregnation into membrane,polymer modification,and immobilization inside the membrane using organic-inorganic composites. Despite the high proton conductivity of membranes fabricated by physical impregnation of ionic liquids into ionomeric membranes,the loss of ionic liquids with the generated water by electrode reaction and the resulting decrease in cell performance limits their practical applications. For membranes formed from ionic liquid moieties modified polymers,the ionic liquid moieties can be immobilized inside the membrane,but the rather complicated synthetic process and the low flexibility of ionic liquid moieties are the major disadvantages. Composite membranes based on ionic liquid modified inorganic metal oxidenanoparticles doped membranes suffer from the difficulty in the formation of continuous proton transport and the low mobility of ionic liquid moieties. Based on the introduction and review of the recent progress of proton exchange membranes based on ionic liquids, we believe that development of high temperature proton exchange membranes using organic-inorganic composites should be the major research direction to improve the mobility of ionic liquid moieties,which improves accordingly the proton conductivity.
作者
陈璐
张海宁
CHEN Lu ZHANG Haining(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan430070, Hubei, Chin)
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期957-964,共8页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
国家自然科学基金(51372192
21576216)
佛山市创新团队项目(2014IT100062)
关键词
氮杂环
离子液体
离子交换
膜
燃料电池
nitrogen heterocyclic compounds
ionic liquids
ion exchange
membrane
fuel cells
