摘要
通过番茄滴灌试验,研究不同水分亏缺条件下毛管埋深对番茄植株生长、果实形态、产量与品质的影响。结果表明:毛管埋深对日光温室番茄产量、灌水量有显著影响(p<0.05),对灌溉水利用效率和品质无显著影响(p>0.05);毛管埋深为20 cm时,番茄植株生长速度较快,果实横茎较大。轻度与中轻度水分亏缺灌水条件下,毛管埋深为20 cm可显著减小C级(番茄直径D<6.5 cm)果实比例29.2%,分别提高A级(D≥7.5 cm)与B级(6.5 cm≤D<7.5 cm)果实比例16.6%、2.0%。番茄产量、灌水量随毛管埋深增加呈先增后减趋势,毛管埋深为20 cm时,番茄产量最高,达到66.44 t/hm^2。番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率随灌水下限增加而显著降低(p<0.01),可通过不同毛管埋深与灌水下限组合,显著降低番茄灌水量,提高产量和水分利用效率。综合考虑,毛管埋深20 cm,灌水下限为田间持水量的60%处理组合为关中地区日光温室适宜的滴灌灌溉方式。
In order to explore the effective way to improve the water use efficiency of tomato in the sunlight greenhouse, the effects of lateral depths on growth, fruit shape and quality of tomato under different water deficit were studied through drip irrigation experiment in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that lateral depth had a significant influence on yield, irrigation amount （p 〈 0.05）, and had no significant impact on irrigation water use efficiency and quality （p 〉 0.05）. The growth rate of tomato was faster and fruit diameter was bigger when lateral was buried at 20 cm depth. Under moderate and moderate-mild water deficit, lateral buried at 20 cm depth could significantly decrease the fruit ratio of C grade （fruit diameter D 〈6.5 cm） by 29.2% , and increase the fruit ratio of A grade （D≥7.5 cm） and B grade （6.5 cm≤D 〈7.5 cm） by 16.6% and 2.0% , respectively. The changing trend of yield and irrigation amount of tomato showed a first increase and then decrease trend with the increase of lateral depth, the value of yield for lateral depth buried at 20 cm was the highest （66.44 t/hm2 ）. Yield and irrigation water use efficiency of tomato were decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation threshold （p 〈 O. 01 ） , so irrigation amount can be reduced while the yield and water use efficiency of tomato can be increased by adopting different combinations of lateral depth and irrigation threshold. Therefore, lateral depth of 20 cm and irrigation threshold of 60% of field capacity would be the most appropriate treatment combination for tomato cultivation in the sunlight greenhouse in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province. For the observed responses, the information on how the tomato adapted to different lateral depths under water deficit condition would provide guidance for field production practices as well as indications of possible mechanisms.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期279-287,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51679205)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202)
关键词
番茄
毛管埋深
灌水下限
产量
品质
水分利用效率
温室
tomato
lateral depth
irrigation threshold
yield
quality
water use efficiency
greenhouse
