摘要
针对矿区土地生态系统的结构、功能与问题,以沛县矿区为例,从自然条件、景观结构、干扰程度和生态效益4个方面构建评价指标体系,综合评价矿区土地生态质量,并定量分析矿区土地生态质量空间分异特征.结果表明:土地生态质量总体趋势以农业为主的南部地区好于以工矿建设为主的北部,呈现由工矿和城市为核心向四周辐射递增的格局;生态质量较好的区域占总面积的36.06%,生态质量较差的区域占24.05%;大规模煤炭开采和城镇化建设是影响矿区生态状况的主要原因.进一步对矿区土地生态质量空间进行自相关分析可知,其自相关性为0.537 7,表明矿区土地生态质量表现出较强的空间集聚特征;在空间分布上"高值区"和"低值区"聚集特征明显,并存在一定数量的空间"异常点",为矿区土地综合治理与生态修复提供了一定的数据支撑与理论依据.
To study the land ecosystem structure, function and environmental problem in min- ing area, this paper took Peixian mining area in Xuzhou of Jiangsu province as an example and made the land ecological quality assessment with the evaluation index system covering the natu- ral conditions, landscape structure, disturbance level and eco-efficiency. The spatial variation characteristics of land ecological quality in mining area was quantitatively analyzed using the ex- ploratory spatial data analysis methods. The results show that the land ecological quality be- comes continuously better from the center of industrial, mining areas and urban to all around. The condition in the south dominated by agriculture is better than that in the north dominated by industrial, mining and construction land. The proportions of areas with better and worse ec- ological quality are 36.06% and 24.05% respectively. Large-scale coal resources exploitation and urbanization are the major factors affecting the land ecological quality. Based on spatial au- tocorrelation analysis of the land ecological quality in mining area, Moran＇s I is up to 0. 537 7, indicating the apparent agglomeration features of the land ecological quality. In terms of spatial distribution, space aggregation characteristics of high-value zone and low-value zone are prominent; there is a certain amount of spatial outliers. The results of the study provide some data support and theoretical basis for comprehensive land management and ecological restoration in mining area.
出处
《中国矿业大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期192-200,共9页
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41401610)
黄淮海采煤塌陷区土地生态状况调查与评估项目(201115106311)
国土环境与灾害监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室开放基金项目(LEDM2014B06)
关键词
土地生态质量
评价
空间自相关
煤矿
land ecological quality
assessment
spatial autocorrelation
mining area
