摘要
我国湖泊数量大、分布广、类型多,被认为是世界上湖泊生态类型最为丰富的国家之一。多样化的湖泊环境孕育了丰富的微生物多样性和资源,但迄今人们对其结构和功能尚知之甚少。通过大规模的湖泊微生物组分析和比较基因组研究,可揭示我国湖泊微生物多样性的分布规律、形成机理和维持机制,阐明典型湖泊微生物功能基因的组成,探索极端环境条件下湖泊微生物的适应机制,发现新的微生物功能和代谢途径,并通过比较不同环境条件下驱动地球元素循环的微生物功能基因组、环境转录组成和蛋白组,揭示微生物驱动湖泊生态系统中关键元素循环的过程、机制及其环境调控机理。这些研究结果的获得,将不仅有助于深入了解湖泊生态系统结构与功能,促进地球科学与生物学间的交叉与融合,推动学科持续发展,而且将为我国湖泊微生物资源的保护与可持续利用及湖泊生态环境的治理与保护提供科技支撑。
Lake is one of the most important ecosystems on the Earth. Lakes are vital for sustainable development of economy and society not only because lakes can provide important resources like water resources, aquatic products and tourisms, but also that lakes play key roles in flooding control, regional climate regulation, biodiversity protection, as well as the maintaining of regional ecosystem stability. China has plenty of lakes, covering very broad environmental gradients across different area of its continent. China is regarded as one of the countries with the highest diversity of lake ecotypes. Microbes are key components of lake ecosystems and are vital for nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. The high environmental heterogeneity across Chinese lakes will maintain a very high microbial diversity and rich microbial resources. However, we know little about the diversity and functionality of microbes that dwell in these diverse Chinese lakes, partially due to the low culturability and the methodological limitations of cultivation and isolation of lake microbes. Large scale culture-independent microbiome investigations and massive comparative metagenomie combined with transcriptomic studies will enhance our understanding on the patterns of diversity and distribution of microbes in Chinese lakes, as well as the mechanisms behind of these patterns. It is also expected that the microbial functional potentials and microbial adaptation to extreme lake environments will be explored in depth from the data of large scale culture-independent microbiotic studies. In particular, we will be able to discover new microbial metabolic pathways and functions to a large extend, which are crucial for exploitation of microbial resources from lakes. We will also uncover the processes, mechanisms, and environmental control of nutrient cycling driven by microbes in lakes. These scientific achievements will enable a better understanding of the structure and functionality of lake ecosystems and will be also helpful for protection of microbial diversity and sustainable exploitation of microbial resources. Furthermore, from the microbial perspectives, we may find more solutions for the mitigation of lake pollution and the restoration of lake ecosystems through enhanced microbiome studies
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
2017年第3期273-279,共7页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
中科院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJSSW-DQC030)
国家自然科学基金项目(41621002
31225004)
