摘要
红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temmminckii)均为国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类。作为两种同域分布的物种,其生态位重叠程度及竞争机制尚不明确。为了探究上述问题我们从2012年7月至2014年11月,在陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区的9条样线上布设52台红外相机对这两种雉类的集群现象、日活动节律、季节性活动规律和最适活动温区进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉每年8月下旬开始集群,到第二年的3、4月份集群结束,冬季集群最为频繁,而夏季则分散在其各自活动区单独活动。(2)二者皆为昼行性鸟类,活动高峰均出现在清晨和傍晚,但时间生态位存在明显分化:红腹锦鸡有两个活动高峰,分别为7:00时和17:00时;红腹角雉活动高峰为6:00时、9:00时和18:00时。(3)对两种雉类活动频次的季节性差异分析发现,春季活动最频繁,其后依次是秋季、夏季和冬季。(4)红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉选择在接近当月平均气温的时间段出来活动,红腹锦鸡活动的温度范围在﹣4℃到19℃,红腹角雉的活动温度范围是﹣1℃到22℃;但不同季节间略有差异,两种雉类在秋冬季大多选择在高于当月平均气温的时间段出来活动,而在夏季的活动温度则要略低于当月平均气温。观测数据证实了两种雉雉类有通过错峰活动减少生态位重叠导致的竞争的现象,但并未见到二者间有明显的适应性温区分化。
Golden Pheasant（Chrysolophus pictus） and Satyr Tragopan（Tragopan temmminckii） are two protected pheasant spieces（class Ⅱ） in China.As two sympatric species,the degree of their niche overlap and competition is still unclear.From July 2012 to November 2014,we set 52 infrared camera traps on 9 line transects（Fig.1） to study the flock situation,daily activity pattern,seasonal activity rhythm and the optimal temperature selection of these two pheasants in Foping Nature Reserve,Shaanxi Province.The results show：（1） The flock behaviour of the two pheasant occurred mainly in winter,starting from late August and ending in next March or April（Table 1）.（2） The two pheasant had similar daily activity patterns with two peaks in the morning and evening,however,with obvious differentiation in time niche.Golden Pheasant had one activity peak at 7：00 in the morning and another peak at 17：00.Satyr Tragopan had two activity peaks at 6：00 and 9：00 in the morning,and one peak at 18：00 in the evening（Fig.2）.（3） By analyzing seasonal activity patterns of these two pheasant,we found that both of them were most active in spring（March to May）,while followed by autumn（September to November）,summer（June to August） and winter（December to February）（Fig.3）.（4） The favourite temperature of the activities of the two pheasant were close to the average temperature in this month,with the activity temperature range of Golden Pheasant from-4℃ to 19℃,whereas Satyr Tragopan from-1℃ to 22℃（Fig.4）.Their activity temperatures were normally higher than the average temperature of the fall and winter,however,slightly lower than the average temperature in the summer.The divergence of their activity peak periods might help these two sympatric species to aviod niche overlap,but we did not see obvious temperature adaptive differentiation between these two pheasant.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期194-202,共9页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
关键词
红外相机技术
红腹锦鸡
红腹角雉
活动节律
最适活动温度
Camera trap
Golden Pheasant
Chrysolophus pictus
Satyr Tragopan
Tragopan temmminckii
Activity rhythm
Optimal temperature
