摘要
[目的]探讨医疗机构开展X射线诊断时受检者个人防护用品的使用效果,以保障受检者的健康与安全。[方法]在CT摄影、普通摄影和胃肠造影等诊断检查过程中,对受检者的非投照部位使用不同的个人防护用品,采用热释光剂量计在个人防护用品内侧和外侧进行布点测量,比较个人防护用品内侧和外侧的辐射剂量变化,评价其使用效果。[结果]CT检查、胃肠造影检查和普通摄影检查时使用个人防护用品的辐射剂量屏蔽率可达73.3%、85.2%和8.0%,铅防护帽、铅橡胶防护背心和铅橡胶防护围裙内侧的辐射剂量明显低于外侧(P<0.05),但胸片摄影检查时铅橡胶防护围裙内侧和外侧的辐射剂量无明显差异(P>0.05)。[结论]个人防护用品在X射线诊断检查过程中对受检者非投照部位可起到一定的屏蔽防护作用,尤其在CT和胃肠造影检查过程中效果更为明显。但有部分布点部位个人防护用品内侧的辐射剂量反而高于外侧,可能是个人防护用品穿戴贴合不够严密和X射线的散射作用所致。
[ Objective ] To evaluate the effects of personal protective devices for examinees against diagnostic medical X-rays, and protect their health and safety. [ Methods ] Thermo luminescent dosimeter was used to measure and compare the radiation doses inside and outside different personal protective devices during CT, general photography, and gastrointestinal radiography, in order to evaluate the effects of personal protective devices on indirect exposure areas.[ Results ] In CT, gastrointestinal radiography, and general photography examination, the highest radiation dose shielding rate reached 73.3%, 85.2%, and 8.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the radiation doses inside lead caps, lead-rubber vests, and lead-rubber aprons were significantly lower than those outside （P 〈 0.05）, but there were no differences between the inside and outside of lead protection aprons in chest photography （P 〉 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Personal protective devices are effective for shielding indirect exposure parts of examinees against diagnostic medical X-rays, especially in CT scan and gastrointestinal examination. In some detection points, however, the radiation dose of inside is higher than the outside, probably due to physically unsuited devices and the scattering effect of X-rays.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期259-263,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
医用X射线诊断受检者防护用品配置与使用研究(编号:20124390)
上海市卫计委2015年度地方卫生标准预研制项目(X射线手术室放射卫生防护与检测评价规范
无编号)
关键词
X射线诊断
个人防护用品
防护效果
受检者
diagnostic medical X-ray
personal protective device
protective effect
examinee
