摘要
目的验证2012年盐碘浓度下调的正确性。方法盐碘浓度下调前(2011)与后2年(2014),每个区县按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各随机抽取1个镇(街道)的4个村或居委会,分别采集15户居民食盐,定量检测盐碘;以"PPS"抽样法抽取全市30个单位所在区县,再抽取1所小学40-50名8-10岁儿童,男女各半,年龄均衡,采集儿童尿液和家庭食用盐检测碘含量,用B超法检查儿童甲状腺;频率指标和中位数用χ~2检验、盐碘含量用t检验作统计学分析,P<0.05为有显著性差异。结果居民户和儿童家庭碘盐覆盖率2011年为99.6%和99.7%,2014年为99.6%和98.8%,居民户相同,儿童家庭变化显著(χ~2=6.09>3.84,P<0.05),盐碘平均含量2011年为31.7mg/kg和30.5mg/kg,2014年为26.7mg/kg和26.2mg/kg,显著减少5mg/kg和4.3mg/kg(t=70.11、19.50>2.58,P<0.01);儿童尿碘中位数2011年为254.1μg/L,2014年为222.7μg/L,显著下降31.4μg/L(χ~2=23.45>6.63,P<0.01),2011年和2014年尿碘频数<50μg/L、50μg/L-、100μg/L-、200μg/L-和≥300μg/L比例分别为2.4%和2.9%、6.9%和8.3%、23.3%和30.8%、30.9%和30.7%、36.5%和27.3%,100μg/L-组显著上升,≥300μg/L组显著下降(χ~2=20.45、28.39>6.63,P<0.01),其他无显著变化(χ~2均<3.84,P>0.05);儿童甲状腺肿大率2011年为5.5%,2014年为3.2%,显著下降41.8%(χ~2=8.79>6.63,P<0.01)。结论 2012年重庆市食盐加碘浓度由2011年的35mg/kg下调至30mg/kg后,儿童尿碘中位数由254.1μg/L降至222.7μg/L,甲状腺肿大率由5.5%降至3.2%,一般人群碘营养趋于适宜状态,证明2012年的盐碘浓度下调是正确的。
Objective To test the expectation that urine iodine will decrease 5.5 μg / L ~ 7.4 μg / L by 1mg / kg salt iodine concentration cut,and test the feasibility of salt iodine concentration cut.Method In the year（ 2011） before and 2 years（ 2014） after salt iodine concentration cut,5 towns（ subdistricts） in every district（ county） are sampled according to the orientations of east,west,south,north,and medium,4 villages or resident committees are selected in each town（ subdistricts） as sampling points,table salts from 15 families on every sampling point are collected to test salt iodine concentration. According to PPS sampling method,the counties（ districts） are ascertained in which the 30 points fall within.Then,40 ~ 50 children of 8 to 10 years old in one primary school are extracted,half male and half female.Urine and family salt specimens are collected to test iodine,and thyroid of the children are examined.Results The iodine salt coverage of children families is 99.7% in 2011 and 98.8% in 2014,shows significant difference（ χ~2= 6.093.84,P〈0.05）.While,that of residents is 99.6% in 2011 and 99.6% in 2014,shows no difference.In 2011,the average salt iodine concentrations of residents and children families are 31.07 mg / kg and 30.5 mg / kg,and the standard deviation is 6.5 mg / kg and 6.6 mg / kg respectively.In 2014,the average salt iodine concentrations of residents and children families are26.7 mg / kg and 26.3 mg / kg,and the standard deviation is 5.0 mg / kg and 4.3 mg / kg respectively,decreased 5.2 mg / kg and 4.2mg / kg significantly（ t = 70.11,19.502.58,P〈0.01）.The median urine iodine is 254.1 μg / L in 2011 and 222.7 μg / L in 2014,decreased 31.4 μg / L significantly（ χ^2= 23.456.63,P〈0.01）.The urinary iodine frequencies of the groups of 50 μg / L,50 μg /L-,100 μg / L-,200 μg / L- and ≥300 μg / L are 2.4%,6.9%,23.3%,30.9,36.5% in 2011,and 2.9%,8.3%,30.8%,30.7%,27.3% in 2014.Group 100 μg / L- increased significantly（ χ~2= 20. 45 6. 63,P〈0.01）,group≥300μg / L decreased significantly（ χ^2= 28.396.63,P〈0.01）.Other groups have no significant difference（ χ^2=3.84,P〈0.05）.Children goiter rates are 5.5% in 2011 and 3.2% in 2014,decreased 41.8% significantly（ χ^2= 8.79 6.63,P 0.01）. Conclusion After salt iodine cut,the salt iodine concentration has decreased 5 mg/kg in residents and 4.3 mg/kg in children families,median urine iodine has decreased 31.4 μg/L.Urine iodine decreased 6.3 μg/L and 7.3 μg/L along with 1 mg/kg salt iodine cut.The result meets the expectation that urine iodine will decrease 5.5 μg/L - 7.4 μg/L by 1 mg/kg salt iodine concentration cut. After salt iodine cut,children iodine nutrition still exceeds appropriate level.To reach the appropriate level,the salt iodine concentration should decrease to 20 mg/kg.
出处
《中国地方病防治》
北大核心
2017年第1期1-4,共4页
Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases
基金
重庆市地方病预防控制重大专项(CSTC2008AB5054)
关键词
盐碘
尿碘
甲状腺肿
碘缺乏病
Salt iodine
Urine iodine
Goiter
Iodine Deficiency Disorders
