摘要
随着近年全球酸雨污染程度加重,酸雨对植物的影响受到国内外学者广泛关注。光合作用既是植物生物量和生态系统初级生产量形成的物质基础,也是影响植物生长发育的重要生理过程,因此研究酸雨对植物光合作用影响意义重大。综述了近年有关酸雨对植物叶片形态结构、叶绿体微结构、不同生态型、生活型和不同生育期植物净光合速率的影响,以及不同酸雨组成与复合污染对植物净光合速率影响的相关报道;并从气孔参数、光合色素、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体微结构等方面分析酸雨对植物光合作用影响的机制。结果表明:酸雨对植物光合作用器官叶片的影响由外向内递进,由结构向功能延伸;酸雨对植物的胁迫效果存在生态型与生活型差异;在作物不同生育阶段,酸雨对孕穗期影响最为明显;不同成分酸雨对植物影响存在差异,且硝酸型或混合型酸雨对植物的影响大于硫酸型酸雨。
With the aggravating of global acid rain in recent years, the effects of acid rain on plants have caused the wide attention of domestic and foreign scholars. Photosynthesis is the material basis of plant biomass and the formation of primary production in ecosystem, and also is the important physiological process affecting the growth and development of plants. Thus it is significant to research the effects of acid rain on plant photosynthesis. This paper highlights recent discoveries about the effects of acid rain on the morphological structure of the plant leaves, the ultrastructure of chloroplast, the net photosynthetic rate in plants with different ecotypes and living forms at different growing stages, as well as the effects of different compositions of acid rain and combined pollution of acid rain with other pollutants. Mean-while, the effect mechanisms of acid rain on plant photosynthesis have been analyzed from the aspects of stomatal parameters, pho- tosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlo- roplast microstructure, and so on. The above studies show that the effects of acid rain on plant leaves are progressive from the outside to the inside, and extend from the structure to the function. The impacts of acid rain stress are different in various eco-types and living forms of plants. Among different growth stages, the effects of acid rain on plants at the booting stage are more evident. Besides, the effects of different compositions of acid rain on plant photosynthesis are various, in which the nitric or mixed acid rain causes much greater effects on plant growth than that of sulfuric acid rain.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期775-780,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31170477)
关键词
环境科学技术基础学科
酸雨
植物
光合作用
形态结构
净光合速率
basic disciplines of environmental science and technology
acid rain
plant
photosynthesis
morphological structure
net photosynthetic rate
