摘要
为明晰坡向和海拔对山体土壤水热和植物分布格局的影响,以青藏高原东北缘山体高寒草甸为研究对象,利用回归分析、典型相关分析(CCA)排序和方差分解等方法,对阶地与同一山体不同坡向和海拔的189个样方内土壤温湿度和植物分布进行分析和定量分解.结果表明:阴坡物种丰富度最高,阶地最低.随海拔升高,阴坡和山脊物种丰富度先增加后降低,而阳坡物种丰富度呈线性增加.阳坡土壤温度最高,不同坡向0~20 cm土层土壤温度随海拔升高基本不变;阴坡土壤湿度最高,不同坡向0~30 cm土层土壤湿度随海拔升高而增加.方差分解表明,在0~30 cm土层中,坡向和海拔共解释土壤温度变化的100%,土壤湿度变化的51.8%.坡向单独解释土壤温度变化的72.2%,贡献率最高;海拔单独解释土壤湿度变化的51.8%,贡献率最高.大多数植物倾向分布于中等海拔的阴坡与山脊之间.阴坡以莎草科为主,阳坡以禾本科为主,山脊为过渡地带.莎草科、禾本科和豆科主要分布于低海拔区.坡向和海拔共解释了山地植物多度变化的28.6%,坡向单独解释19.9%,贡献率最高.在山地高寒草甸生态系统,综合考虑小尺度地形造成的土壤及植物分布格局差异的基础上,在进行生产与生态恢复的分区管理时,应优先考虑坡向造成的土壤和植物差异.
For understanding the effect of aspect and altitude of hill on soil moisture and tempera- ture as well as the vegetation community, we selected an alpine meadow located on a hill in north- eastern Tibet Plateau as our study area. Data on soil moisture and temperature, as well as plant dis- tribution pattern in this mountain ecosystem were collected. We used regression analysis, CCA ordi- nation and variance decomposition, to determine the impacts of the key factors （aspect, altitude, soil temperature and moisture） on plant diversity distribution in 189 sample sites of the hill. The re- sults showed that the plant diversity of shady aspect and bottomland was highest and lowest, respec- tively. The plant diversity of the shady aspect and on the ridge of the hill increased initially and then decreased with the increasing altitude, but the plant diversity of the sunny aspect increased with the increasing altitude. At 0-30 cm soil layer, the soil temperature of the sunny aspect was higher than that of other aspects, but the soil temperature at 0-20 cm soil layer did not change with the increa- sing altitude. The soil moisture of shady aspect was higher than that of other aspects, and increased with the increasing altitude. The aspect and altitude explained 100% of soil temperature changes and 51.8% of soil moisture variation. Aspect alone explained 72.2% of soil temperature variation and altitude alone explained 51.8% of soil moisture variation, which had the highest contribution rate individually. Most plants were distributed on the shady aspect and on the ridge, and at medium altitude. Sedges mainly grew on the shady aspect, while Gramineae grew on the sunny aspect, the ridge was an ecotone. Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Leguminosae were mainly distributed in low alti- tude zone. Hill aspect and altitude totally explained 28.6% of plant abundance variation, hill aspect alone explained 19.9% of plant abundance variation. The management of grassland production and ecological restoration in alpine meadow ecosystem should consider the effect of landform on soil and vegetation, and the hill aspect should be priority factor instead of altitude when planning manage- ment interventions.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期1489-1497,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31460635)资助~~
关键词
土壤水热
植物多样性
坡向
海拔
soil moisture and temperature
plant diversity
slope aspect
altitude.
