摘要
划区轮牧是一种充分利用饲草生长旺季而进行的集约、区块式放牧管理系统。本文总结了近年来国内外轮牧制度的发展现状,概括了划区轮牧的优势包括:提高草地生态系统的功能性、草地生产力;降低草食动物肠胃线虫感染率;分析了其与传统连续放牧相比所具有的局限性。进一步从放牧类型的延展、放牧策略的改进、人为因素的投入、生态模型研究等多角度综合考究,提出综合协调生物因素与环境、平衡生态与经济以及优化牧企合作现状的轮牧策略,以期为轮牧对于生态恢复和草地可持续性利用的生产实践应用提供科学依据和优化管理的决策参考。
Grassland is one of the most important renewable natural resources ecologically. Grazing plays a key role in enhancing its primary productivity, plant species composition, soil nutrient cycle and the distribution of the hiomass both on the ground and underground. Compared to continuous grazing, rotational grazing system is an intensive management which is highly based on the characteristics of forage grass growth, making full use of the period of herbage growing season to meet the livestocks＇ needs for their growth and productivity. However, for a long period of time, meeting the nutritional needs of livestock rather than considering the physiological responses of plants in grazing systems has always been focused on, which therefore leads to the underutilization of rotational grazing. Besides, researchers mainly studied the interaction between input （water and fertilizer, etc. ） and output （livestock and grass productivity） of grazing systems while ignored the complex responsive mechanisms and particularly, the process of vegetational nutrients accumulated involved in the herbage regular harvest and the management. This article summarizes current research progress on the development of rotational grazing system as well as its positive functions such as improving the sustainability and productivity of grassland ecosystem, reducing herbi- vores gastrointestinal nematodes infection （GIN） rate. We also interpret the limitations （hard to operate practically, dilemma in sustaining herbage quality and quantity） of the system compared with continuous grazing system. And from the perspective of modified grazing strategies including mixed grazing, deferred grazing, adaptive stocking rate, and combined with the investment of human variables as well as the appli- cation of modeling analysis, we try to offer a comprehensive proposal to optimize rotational grazing system in practice for improving feed-animal balance.
出处
《草地学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期17-25,共9页
Acta Agrestia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31472138)资助
关键词
划区轮牧
草地可持续利用
放牧
饲草
家畜
Rotational grazing
Sustainable development of grassland
Grazing
Forage grass
Grazers
