摘要
传统周期理论与板块周期理论是目前运动训练关注的热点问题之一,两种训练理论对于训练实践的效果仍然饱受较大的争议。回顾了运动训练理论的历史发展并将其划分为最初萌芽阶段、单一发展阶段、多元深化阶段。为了比较传统周期与板块周期的训练效果,检索了PubMed,Web of Science等数据库中关于传统周期与板块周期的随机对照实验(RCT),检索期限从该库开始收录文献至2016年4月,利用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究的方法学质量进行了评估,采用Review Manger 5.3软件进行了Meta分析。结果:共纳入了13项研究,在最大卧推、最大半蹲、最大纵跳功率指标上,板块周期明显大于传统周期的训练效果,但各研究间的异质性较为显著。选择运动水平进行亚组分析,结果表明不同运动水平运动员采用两种训练模式对于最大卧推的训练效果不显著,但在最大半蹲与最大纵跳功率指标上,不同运动水平的运动员采用两种训练模式具有显著性的差异。结论:由于不同水平研究对象进行两种模式的训练对于最大卧推产生的影响不显著,所以不确定最大卧推采用哪种训练模式效果会更好;但是在最大半蹲、最大功率纵跳训练方面,高水平运动员应采用板块周期模式进行训练,而在低到中高水平的运动员中应采用传统的周期模式进行训练;两种模式对于耐力素质的影响方面还缺少必要的数据来进行Meta分析,但从当前的研究来看,短期的板块周期模式较传统周期模式能够有效提高运动员的耐力水平。
In sports training,traditional periodization and block periodization over training effects are hot topics and arouse great controversies.The history of sports training could be divided into three phases：the preliminary stage,the development stage and the maturing stage.In order to compare the effects of traditional periodization and block periodization,random controlled trial from PubMed,Web of Science（up to April,2016）.The methodological quality of inclusion was assessed by the Cochrane collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias.The meta analysis was performed by using Review Manger 5.3.The result shoed that：among the 13 indexes,block periodization had better effects than traditional periodization in maximal bench press,maximal half squat,maximal vertical jump,but the heterogenicity was significant.Performance level was chosen as subgroup analysis,and the result showed that different performance level athletes had no significant differences in maximal bench press,while in maximal half squat and maximal vertical jump,the results showed significant differences in two training modes.It could be concluded that high level athletes should apply block periodization in maximal half squat.From low to medium level,athletes should use traditional periodization.The two modes lacked necessary data in endurance.Current study showed that short-term block periodization had better effect than traditional periodization in endurance.
作者
李钊
李庆
曹春梅
LI Zhao LI Qing CAO Chunmei(School of Sports Science and P. E. , Tsinghua Univ. , Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《武汉体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期80-87,共8页
Journal of Wuhan Sports University
基金
北京市青年英才计划项目(YETP0150)
关键词
传统周期
板块周期
META分析
力量
耐力
traditional periodization
block periodization
history
meta analysis
strength
endurance
