摘要
在政治社会研究领域,结构功能主义具有持久而强大的影响力。由于侧重提供社会规范的知识,结构功能主义显得"静态有余动态不足"。其批评者侧重于解释社会,力图动态地研究社会问题。二者围绕"均衡与冲突、整体主义与个体主义、宏观与微观"形成了极化的对立。然而,结构功能主义及其批评并非非此即彼、水火不容。双方"只及一点,不及其余"的缺陷,反而遗留了重要却未经深入的中间地带。政治社会的快速变迁,亟须方法论层面的创新,"结构-过程"分析范式,就是力图综合规范和解释两个部分,实现宏观理论与微观经验的连接。其中,过程负责"适应"或"打破",结构负责"秩序";结构侧重对过程的抽象,过程侧重解释结构的触发机制,过程与结构互相依赖。这种分析范式的建构和应用,旨在通过对政治社会实践的操作主体、运行逻辑、运行效果,以及主体关系的考察,一方面,观察政治社会运行的实际过程;另一方面,避免滑向小因果关系的理论自缚,从而把握政治社会运行的深层逻辑。
Structural functionalism has permanent and powerful impact in the fieldof political society study. Focusing on providing knowledge of social norms,itis redundant of dynamic but deficiency of static. Conversely,those whocriticizing it focus on explaining social anomie and try to research socialproblems dynamically. The two parties formed a polarized opposition in terms ofthe relationship between balance and conflict,communism and individualism,aswell as macro and micro methods. Nonetheless,the two parties are not eitherthis or that. They remained an important gap unstudied as they oversightedseveral aspects of the opposite part. Creation on methodology is urgentlyneeded under the rapid transition of political society. The Structure-Process analysispattern is aim to integrate norm and explanation,and to realize the connectionbetween macro theory and micro experience. In this analysis pattern,process isresponsible for accommodation and breaking,and structure is responsible for understandingorder. Moreover,the structure focuses on the abstraction of process,and the processfocuses on explaining the triggering mechanism of structure. Namely,structureand process are depending on each other. The building and application of this analysispattern,is to observe actors,working logic,working result as well as therelationship of actors in political society experience,on the one hand,observingactual process,on the other hand,avoiding to fall into small causal theory,which helps grasp the deep logic about how the political society works.
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期96-108,共13页
CASS Journal of Political Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"新型城镇化背景下的城乡关系研究"(15ZDA044)的研究成果
江苏省新型城镇化与社会协同创新中心(16SZU16)的研究成果
关键词
政治社会
结构过程
结构功能主义
治理
political society
structure-process
structural functionalism
governance
